Queen, Mother, and Stateswoman is an in-depth study of Mariana of Austria’s ten-year regency (1665–1675) of the global Spanish Empire and her subsequent role as queen mother. In Silvia Z. Mitchell’s revisionist account, Mariana emerges as a towering figure at court and on the international stage, and her key collaborators—the secretaries, ministers, and diplomats who have previously been ignored or undervalued—take their rightful place in history.
When Philip IV of Spain died in 1665, his heir, Carlos II, was three. As the threat of dynastic crisis loomed, decades of enormous military commitments had left Spain a virtually bankrupt state with vulnerable frontiers and a depleted army. Drawing from previously unmined primary sources, including Council of State deliberations, diplomatic correspondence, Mariana’s and Carlos’s letters, royal household papers, manuscripts, and legal documents, Mitchell describes how Mariana led the monarchy out of danger and helped redefine the military and diplomatic blocs of Europe in Spain’s favor. She follows Mariana’s exile from court and recounts how the dowager queen subsequently used her extensive connections and diplomatic experience to move the negotiations for her son’s marriage forward, effectively exploiting the process to regain her position.
A new narrative of the Spanish Habsburg monarchy in the later seventeenth century, this volume advances our knowledge of women’s legitimate political entitlement in the early modern period. It will be welcomed by scholars and students of queenship, women’s studies, and early modern Spain.
Content
Acknowledgments
Notes on Names
Abbreviations
Dynastic Chart
Introduction: The Historical and International Significance of Mariana’s Regency
1 A Habsburg Destiny, 1634–1665
2 Mariana’s Court and Political System, 1665–1667
3 Resolving Philip IV’s Legacy, 1665–1668
4 Consolidating Power at Home, 1668–1670
5 At the Pinnacle of Power, 1670 to November 5, 1675
6 The Politics of Motherhood, November 6, 1675, to 1677
7 Reconciliation, Vindication, Triumph, 1678–1679
Conclusion: Mariana’s Historical Legacy
Notes
Bibliography
Index
“Countering the common perception of Mariana de Austria as weak, too young to govern, and easily manipulated, Silvia Mitchell demonstrates that Mariana was a forceful, effective regent during the period of her son’s minority (1665-75). Grounded solidly in fresh archival research, Queen, Mother, and Stateswoman will advance the historical debate on Mariana, on seventeenth-century royal favorites, and on the court of Charles II of Spain.”
—Magdalena Sánchez, author of The Empress, the Queen, and the Nun: Women and Power at the Court of Philip III of Spain
