Erasmus Darwin and his grandson, Charles, were the two most important evolutionary theorists of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Britain. Although their ideas and methods differed, both Darwins were prolific and inventive writers: Erasmus composed several epic poems and scientific treatises, while Charles is renowned both for his collected journals (now titled The Voyage of the Beagle) and for his masterpiece, The Origin of Species.
In The Age of Analogy, Devin Griffiths argues that the Darwins' writing style was profoundly influenced by the poets, novelists, and historians of their era. The Darwins, like other scientists of the time, labored to refashion contemporary literary models into a new mode of narrative analysis that could address the contingent world disclosed by contemporary natural science. By employing vivid language and experimenting with a variety of different genres, these writers gave rise to a new relational study of antiquity, or "comparative historicism," that emerged outside of traditional histories. It flourished instead in literary forms like the realist novel and the elegy, as well as in natural histories that explored the continuity between past and present forms of life. Nurtured by imaginative cross-disciplinary descriptions of the pastfrom the historical fiction of Sir Walter Scott and George Eliot to the poetry of Alfred Tennysonthis novel understanding of history fashioned new theories of natural transformation, encouraged a fresh investment in social history, and explained our intuition that environment shapes daily life.
Drawing on a wide range of archival evidence and contemporary models of scientific and literary networks, The Age of Analogy explores the critical role analogies play within historical and scientific thinking. Griffiths also presents readers with a new theory of analogy that emphasizes language's power to foster insight into nature and human society. The first comparative treatment of the Darwins' theories of history and their profound contribution to the study of both natural and human systems, this book will fascinate students and scholars of nineteenth-century British literature and the history of science.
Introduction 1. Science, Literature, and History 2. The New Historicism 3. Thinking through Analogy 4. Implications for Comparative Historicism 5. Summary of Chapters Prelude: Thinking Through Analogy 1. Analogy vs. Comparison 2. Harmonic vs. Formal Analogy 3. Analogy and the ""swerve around the literary"" 4. The Sign of Analogy Chapter 1: Erasmus Darwin, Enlightenment History, and the Crisis of Analogy I. The Loves of the Plants and Sexual Taxonomy 2. Stadial History and The Botanic Garden 3. The ""Fertilization of Egypt"" and the Flattening of Allegory 4. Expulsion from the Garden: Zoonomia and Darwin's Fall from Grace Conclusion: ""Philosophical Arguments of the Last Generation"" Chapter 2: Crossing the Border with Walter Scott 1. The Subject of Enlightenment History 2. The Forensic Antiquary 3. Faking the Minstrelsy 4. Linguistic Anthropology in Ivanhoe and Waverley Conclusion: ""So Leyden were alive"" Chapter 3: Incorporate History in Alfred Tennyson's In Memoriam A. H. H. 1. Analogical Verses 2. Hallam's Perfect Danäe 3. The Logic of Analogy and the Plurality of Worlds 4. Comparative Anatomy and the Archetype Conclusion: The Higher Type Chapter 4: George Eliot and False History 1. The Westminster Review and the ""historic imagination"" 2. The ""Higher Criticism"" and the Natural History of Social Life 3. Rosamond's Harmonic Sympathy 4. The Entangled Word: Eliot's Essays and the Problem of Organic Form Conclusion: Origins and Historiographic Form Chapter 5: The Origin of Darwin's Orchids and the Intent of Comparative History 1. A Comparative Natural History: The Analogy Notebooks 2. Curating Analogy in On the Origin of Species 3. ""A working collection of books"": Darwin and the Novels 4. Orchids in Action 5. Flat Theology Conclusion: Epitaphs for Darwin Coda: Climate Science and The ""No-Analog Future"" Notes Bibliography Index
""Devin Griffiths's excellent The Age of Analogy: Science and Literature between the Darwins makes a compelling case for the importance of literary language to the development of scientific theory and practice... [The Age of Analogy] demonstrates an encyclopedic grasp of everything from set theory to Saussurian semiotics... As Griffiths so masterfully demonstrates, analogy helps us extend our imaginative apprehension of the world's past and present'as well as its possible futures.""
