This book examines the twin phenomena of radicalization and de-radicalization in a global context of political extremism and violent conflict. The study focuses on the approaches of governments in how they use counterterrorism to respond to radicalization and extremism. By using case studies and comparative analysis, Western and non-Western case studies will be analyzed and will focus on theoretical components and practical aspects of the process. Subjects covered include the historical context, the contemporary situation, case studies of events and actions that have illustrated these aspects in different countries and across borders. The conclusions drawn also provide readers with examples of the potential solutions that states have adopted to mitigate the threats and reintegrate extreme militants into society and create a more stable world in which violent conflict is lessened.
Kenneth Christie is Program Head and Professor in the Human Security and Peacebuilding at Royal Roads University. Haval Ahmad is a PhD Candidate in International Politics at Aberystwyth University.
Chapter One. Laying the Groundwork of Radicalization/ De-Radicalization Introduction The Problem with Radicalization and De-Radicalization Why Now? Why Have Radicalization and De-Radicalization Become Such Important Subjects? Canada: Salience of the Radicalization/Extreme Behaviour Books Terrorism and Radicalism as a Global Condition Context The Terrorism and Jihad Nexus The Global Pandemic and Radicalization/De-Radicalization Conclusion Chapter Two. Return to History Introduction Terrorism and Radicalism in Historical Context Modernity and Terrorism Waves of Terrorism and Radicalization Ending Empire Post-World War II-1945-1990: The Cold War Post-Cold War from 1990 to 2001 1990 to 2001: The Threats Following the End of the Cold War 2001- Present the War on Terrorism and its Implications Globalization and the New Terror Terrorism as a Global Condition The Effects The Past Conclusion Chapter Three. Micro and Macro Level Theories: Radicalization and De-Radicalization Introduction The Role of Human Security What Causes Radicalization? Motivation Who are They? De-Radicalization Radicalizing Women: The Gender Dimension Conclusion Chapter Four. Response to Radicalization: State Interventions and Different Models Introduction Different Responses to Radicalization and Political Extremism State-Sponsored Approaches Impact on Communities, Effectiveness and Limitations Conclusion Chapter Five. Review of the Responses to Radicalization Success and Failures: A Focus on Community-Based Deradicalization Approach Introduction Programs Review Process and Data Collection From Securitization to Soft Strategies: Dealing with Deradicalization and Disengagement Programs Success and Failures Deradicalization and Disengagement Programs Evaluation Results Community-Based Programs Through Two Case Studies Conclusion Chapter Six. Human Rights, Human Security and Deradicalization: A Balance for Success Introduction Human Rights and Human Security: Contributing Factors and Implications Programs Short-Comings and Contradiction of Human Rights Closing Remarks Bibliography About the Authors
