Recognizing that favorable clinical outcomes are associated with earlier initiation of treatment -- and even more ideally with prevention -- this volume addresses the current status of early intervention in, and prevention of, major mental and substance use disorders. A team of distinguished participants addresses this problem at many levels -- from the DNA molecule to public policy -- in order to show how prevention efforts should be informed by a better understanding of etiology and by a knowledge of indicators of vulnerability. In considering the current standing of etiological knowledge, Recognition and Prevention of Major Mental and Substance Use Disorders addresses issues that are critical precursors to the prevention of mental disorders and offers an understanding of factors that contribute to the disorders' development. The contributors review genetic methodologies and current findings in mental disorders, with an emphasis on schizophrenia, and then show how biological and psychosocial environmental variables may affect vulnerability. Chapters devoted specifically to lessons in prevention drawn from recent research into schizophrenia discuss the implications of prodromal studies and relationships between stress, critical periods, and the development of the disorder. The book includes contributions from NIH representatives on how basic scientific understanding of mental disorders can be translated into public policy. It also features chapters that describe cutting-edge projects in prevention research for Alzheimer's disease, drug dependence, antisocial behavior, and posttraumatic stress disorder -- each providing compelling accounts of how existing knowledge can be adapted to promising prevention efforts. Among the volume's contributions: New data on the role of substance abuse -- particularly marijuana and psychostimulants -- in increasing vulnerability to schizophrenia Review of vulnerability factors for several relevant disorders, examining stress and its concomitant psychobiological responses and the contribution of cognitive factors to vulnerability to depression Intriguing approach for translating successful treatment methods for schizophrenia into efforts to prevent the transition from the prodrome of the disorder to the full-blown illness Program for prevention of antisocial behavior that can be implemented as early as the first grade Secondary prevention efforts for posttraumatic stress disorder, with a focus on pharmacological interventions Each chapter reviews clinical implications of the research presented, contributing to a volume that will benefit clinicians and researchers who share the goal of preventing these debilitating conditions. This multidimensional, interdisciplinary work represents a major step toward cutting the social costs of these disorders -- and, more important, their untold cost in human suffering.
ContributorsIntroductionPart I: Etiology of Major Mental and Substance Use DisordersChapter 1. Genetic Risk Factors for Mental Disorders: General Principles and State of the ScienceChapter 2. Environmental Determinants of Psychosis: A Focus on Drug AbuseChapter 3. Social Environment and Psychiatric Disorders: A Historical Review Presented on Receipt of the Paul H. Hoch AwardPart II: Vulnerability to Major Mental and Substance Use DisordersChapter 4. Psychobiology of Resilience to Stress: Implications for Prevention of AnxietyChapter 5. Cognitive Vulnerability to Depression: Implications for PreventionChapter 6. Vulnerability to Alcohol and Drug Use DisordersPart III: Prevention: Lessons From SchizophreniaChapter 7. Treatment of the Schizophrenia ProdromeChapter 8. Adolescent Neurodevelopment: A Critical Period for Preventive InterventionChapter 9. Toward Prevention of Schizophrenia: Early Detection and InterventionPart IV: NIH Perspectives on PreventionChapter 10. Prospects for the Prevention of Mental Illness: Integrating Neuroscience and BehaviorChapter 11. Drugs and Alcohol: Treating and Preventing Abuse, Addiction, and Their Medical ConsequencesChapter 12. Alcoholism: Developmental Patterns of Drinking and Prevention of Alcohol Use DisordersPart V: Challenges for the Near FutureChapter 13. Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease: Principles and ProspectsChapter 14. Five Facts About Preventing Drug DependenceChapter 15. Prevention of Aggressive Behavior Through Middle School Using a First-Grade Classroom-Based InterventionChapter 16. Conceptually Driven Pharmacological Approaches to Acute TraumaIndex
