The revised and updated edition of "Modern Arabic" takes this authoritative, concise linguistic description of the structure and use of modern Arabic to an invaluable new level. Clive Holes traces the development of the Arabic language from Classical Arabic, the written language used in the 7th century for the Qur'an and poetry, through the increasingly symbiotic use of Modern Standard Arabic or MSA (the language of writing and formal speech) and dialectal Arabic (the language of normal conversation). He shows how Arabic has been shaped over the centuries by migration, urbanization, and education - giving us "a balanced, dispassionate, and accurate picture of the structures, functions, and varieties of the contemporary Arabic language". Holes explains the structural characteristics - phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and lexical and stylistic developments - that the majority of the dialects share, as distinguished from Modern Standard Arabic. He also shows how native speakers use both types of Arabic for different purposes, with MSA being the language of power and control as used on television and in political speeches, and the dialects serving as the language of intimacy and domesticity. He further shows how MSA and spoken dialects are not as compartmentalized as one might be led to believe. "Modern Arabic" illustrates the use of the Arabic language in real life, whether in conversation, news bulletins and newspaper articles, serious literature, or song. This new edition takes into account research published in several areas of Arabic linguistics since the first edition was published in 1995. It includes more extensive comment on the North African Arabic vocabulary of Modern Standard Arabic, more information about "mixed" varieties of written Arabic that are not in MSA (especially in Egypt), updated references, explanations, and many new examples. All Arabic is transcribed, except for an appendix presenting the Arabic alphabet and script. Students of the Arabic language will find "Modern Arabic" without peer - as will those general linguists who are interested in discovering how Arabic compares structurally and sociolinguistically with European languages.
List of Figures and TablesForeword to the Georgetown Classics editionPreface to the second editionPreface to the first editionTransliteration conventions, gloss lines, and abbreviations Introduction 0.1 Where is Arabic spoken?0.2 Varieties of Arabic0.3 Aims of this bookNotes1. A Brief History of Arabic 1.1 Arabic as a Semitic language1.2 Arabic at the dawn of Islam1.3 The spread of Arabic1.4 Middle Arabic, the modern dialects, and the evolution of Modern Standard Arabic1.5 The contemporary linguistic situationNotes 2. Phonology 2.1 The phonology of MSA2.2 The phonology of the dialects2.3 Phonological variation in the dialects2.4 Phonology and scriptNotes 3. Verb Morphology 3.1 General principles3.2 Root and morphosemantic patterns: MSA3.3 Morphosyntactic patterns of the finite verb: MSA3.4 Verbal affixes3.5 Morphophonological adjustments3.6 Dialectal verb morphologyNotes 4. Noun Morphology 4.1 The verbal noun4.2 Participles4.3 Other categories of the singular noun4.4 Number4.5 Case and definiteness4.6 Gender Notes 5. Beyond Root and Pattern: Pronouns and Deictics 5.1 Personal pronouns5.2 Demonstratives5.3 Interrogatives5.4 Temporal, locative and manner deicticsNotes 6. Syntax and Semantics I: Phrase Structure 6.1 The noun phrase6.2 The verb phrase6.3 NegationNotes 7. Syntax and Semantics II: Sentence Structure 7.1 Word order7.2 Clause order and typeNotes 8. Lexical and Stylistic Developments 8.1 Foreign borrowing into Arabic8.2 The language academies8.3 The language of the media8.4 Repitition and parallelismNotes 9. Language Level 9.1 Introduction9.2 Language levels in Cairo9.3 Level switching9.4 Co-occurrence phenomena and level9.5 Dialogue and dialect in literature and journalismNotes Appendix: The Arabic Script BibliographyIndex
