In one of the most charming works to survive from classical antiquity, Xenophon's Symposium depicts an amiable evening of wine, entertainment, and conversation shared by Socrates, and a few of his associates, with certain Athenian gentlemen who are gathered to honor a young man for his recent victory in the Panathenaic games. The subtle playfulness which characterizes the animated discussions conceals a light-hearted, yet surprisingly philosophical inquiry regarding the rival claims of virtue, articulated and defended by the Socratics and gentlemen to establish the praiseworthiness and excellence of their competing ways of life. Gentlemanliness, taken as an admired political virtue, and philosophy, as pursuit of wisdom and self-sufficiency, emerge as contested ideas about what constitutes the path to human happiness, especially in response to the beautiful and its compelling arousal of erotic desire in the body and soul. Offering a comprehensive account and interpretation of the Symposium, this book follows the speeches and action of the dialogue through its many twists and turns, from beginning to end, with particular attention to the place of rhetoric in the argument of the work as a whole. Thus, Xenophon's Socratic Rhetoric examines foundational aspects of the philosophic life manifest in the words as well as deeds of Socrates in this dialogue--starting from an original reading of the opening scene as a harbinger of the competition in wisdom that occurs over the course of the symposium, and concluding with a provocative consideration of conjugal erotics as the continuation and completion of the Socratic logos about the role of love in guiding human beings toward virtue and happiness.
Dustin A. Gish is Associate Professor in The Honors College at the University of Houston.
Introduction: Opening Reflections Part I: Xenophon's Symposium in Context Chapter 1: Situating the Dialogue: Athenian Competitions Chapter 2: Setting the Stage: Sophistry versus Philosophy Chapter 3: The Banquet Begins: Rule and the Symposium Chapter 4: Rival Ways of Life: and Virtue Part II: Sympotic Entertainments Chapter 5: Display Speeches and the Promise of Wisdom Chapter 6: Defense Speeches and the Socratic Way of Life Chapter 7: Socratic Moderation in Pursuit of the Beautiful Part III: Socratic Rhetoric in the Symposium Chapter 8: Refutations, Accusations, and Education Chapter 9: Digression, Reconciliation, and Restoration Chapter 10 : Educating Gentlemen and Moderating Eros Chapter 11 : Performative Rhetoric and Conjugal Erotics Conclusion: Xenophon's Socrates and Political Philosophy
It has been exciting and enlightening to see Xenophon's stature rise in the eyes of serious readers over the last several decades, and this new book-length study of a short but charming dialogue will surely help continue the trend. It carefully probes the dialogue and helps us see better the complexity of Xenophon's presentation of Socrates and makes an important contribution even in its extensive bibliography and inclusion of diverging points of view. -- Wayne Ambler, University of Colorado Boulder Dustin Gish has written a learned, detailed, and insightful running commentary on the most intriguing of Xenophon's Socratic works, the Symposium. Gish writes in the influential scholarly tradition established by the late German-American political philosopher, Leo Strauss, but, unlike Strauss and many of his followers, Gish writes in a way that will be accessible and useful to scholars and students from any background. So in addition to producing the only monograph on Xenophon's Symposium, and a fine one at that, he has made a vital contribution to making Straussian thought more accessible. His commentary on the Symposium will be essential reading for anyone interested in Socrates, Xenophon, sympotic literature, or classical political philosophy. -- David M. Johnson, Southern Illinois University
