Social and Political Movements

Cyrus Ernesto Zirakzadeh is editor of the journal Polity, Professor of political science and Associate Dean of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences at the University of Connecticut. For the past 25 years he has examined the origins, activities, and evolution of social movements in Western and Central Europe, and in Latin and North America. Over the past decade, he has also published essays on ethnography and on the representation of political problems in American literature and film. He has authored and co-authored four books and has penned numerous book chapters and articles for professional journals, including Polity, Social Movement Studies, West European Politics, International Political Science Review, Journal of Theoretical Politics, The Review of Politics and Comparative Studies in Society and History.

VOLUME 1: THEORIZING ABOUT MOVEMENTS AFTER WORLD WAR II Editor's Introduction to the Overall Handbook Editor's Introduction to Volume 1 Section 1: Mass-Society Theories Life Cycles of Social Movements The Revolutionary Process: A frame of reference for the study of revolutionary movements - Rex Hooper Totalitarian Movements and the Loneliness of the Bourgeoisie The Origins of Totalitarianism - Hannah Arendt Class Insecurity versus Status Insecurity The Radical Right: A Problem for American Democracy - Seymour Martin Lipset Modernity and Anger Fascism and Modernization - Henry Ashby Turner, Jr. Section 2: Marxist Visions Purposefulness of Resistance Concept of Class and the Roots of Fascism The Lower Middle Class as Historical Problem - Arno Mayer Role of Movements in Class Formation Proletariat into a Class: The process of class formation from Karl Kautsky's The Class Struggle to Recent Controversies - Adam Przeworski Dangers of Political Incorporation Retrospective Comments - Francis Fox Piven Section 3: Peasant Movements as a Theoretical Puzzle Alternatives to Movement Activism Hegemony and the Peasantry - James Scott Instrumental Reasoning and Tactical Choices The Rational Peasant: The political economy of rural society - Samuel Popkin Regime Changes and Shifts in Peasant Politics From Avoidance to Confrontation: Peasant protest in precolonial and colonial Southeast Asia - Michael Adas Section 4: Speculations about New Social Movements Uncovering a New Style of Movement Experience New Social Movements - J rgen Habermas Analyzing a New Phenomenon The 'New Social Movements': Moral crusades, political pressure groups, or social movements - Klaus Elder Are New Social Movements Truly New? 'New Social Movements' of the Early Nineteenth Century - Craig Calhoun VOLUME 2: EMERGENCE AND EVOLUTION OF POLITICAL-PROCESS THEORY Editor's Introduction to Volume 2 Section 1: Components of Political-Process Thinking Strategic Calculations and Acts of Protest Protest as a Political Resource - Martin Lipsky Resource Mobilization Theory Resource Mobilization and Social Movements: A partial theory - John McCarthy and Mayer N. Zald Frame theory Frame Alignment Processes, Micromobilization and Movement Participation - David Snow, E. Burke Rochford, Jr., Steven Worden, and Robert Benford Section 2: Vision Articulated In Sociology The Political Process Model - Doug McAdam In History Social Movements and National Politics - Charles Tilly In Political Science Political Opportunity Structure and Political Protest: Anti-Nuclear Movements in Four Democracies - Herbert Kitschelt Mobilizing Around the Vision Crossing Frontiers: Theoretical innovations in the study of social movements - Cyrus Ernesto Zirakzadeh Section 3: Vision Applied and Enriched Protest Waves The Dynamics of Protest Waves: West Germany, 1965 to 1989 - Ruud Koopmans Cycles of Contention Cycles of Collective Action: Between moments of madness and the repertoire of contention - Sidney Tarrow Movements and Countermovements Movements, Countermovements, and the Structure of Political Opportunity - David Meyer and Suzanne Staggenborg Section 4: Criticisms of Political-Process Theory Is Political-Process Theory Too Elitist? An Insider's Critique of the Social Movement Framing Perspective - Robert Benford Is Political-Process Theory Naively Structural? Caught in a Winding, Snarling Vine: The structural bias of political process theory - Jeff Goodwin and James Jasper Is Political-Process Theory Excessively Scholastic? The Question of Relevance in Social Movement Studies - Richard Flacks Section 5: Responses to Critics by One Political-Process Theorist Introduction to the Second Edition - Doug McAdam VOLUME 3: CULTURAL APPROACHES Editor's Introduction to Volume 3 Section 1: Cultural Complexity and Social Movements Ambiguities of Cultural Practices 'We Are Not What We Seem': Rethinking black working-class opposition in the Jim Crow South - Robin Kelley Discontinuities in Popular Culture Structural Opportunity and Perceived Opportunities in Social-Movement Theory: Evidence from the Iranian Revolution of 1979 - Charles Kurzman Appeals of Stories Contending Stories: Narrative in social movements - Francesca Polleta Section 2: Political Struggles over Culture Culture as Resource with which to Offset Unfavorable Political Circumstances Linking Mobilization Frames and Political Opportunities: Insights from Regional Populism in Italy - Mario Diani Myth and the Zapatista Movement: Exploring a Network Identity - Adrienne Russell Cultural Obstacles to Movement Growth Must Identity Movements Self-Destruct? A Queer Dilemma - Joshua Gamson Haunted by the Specter of Communism: Collective identity and resource mobilization in the demise of the Workers Alliance of America - Chad Alan Goldberg Section 3: Newsmedia and Social Movements Social Movements and Alternative News Outlets Claims-Making and the Construction of Legitimacy: Press coverage of the 1981 Northern Irish hunger strike - Aogan Mulcahy Miscalculating Media Responses Appeal, Threat, and Press Resonance: Comparing Mayday protests in London and Berlin - Dieter Rucht Movement Vilification in the Press 'The Anarchists' World Cup': Respectable protest and media panics - Michael Rose and Hugo Gorringe Section 4: Popular Music and Social Movements Musical Subversion Rebeldismo in the Revolutionary Family: Rock 'n roll's early confrontations with the state and society in Mexico - Eric Zolov Popular Music as Mechanism for Mobilization Media and Mobilization: The case of radio and Southern textile worker insurgency, 1929 to 1934 - Vincent Roscigno and William Danaher Section 5: Religion, Religious Traditions, and Social Movements Religious Awakenings as Social Movements Revitalization Movements - Anthony Wallace Religious Roots of Democratic Visions Religion and Revolution - Christopher Hill Local Prophets and Counter-Hegemony Popular Publics: Street protests and plaza preachers in Caracas - David Smilde VOLUME FOUR: COMPONENTS AND CONTEXTS Editor's Introduction to Volume 4 Section 1: Internal Complexity of Social Movements Organizational Decentralization Movements of Revolutionary Change: Some structural characteristics - Luther Gerlach Mixed Messages and Mixed Motives Thoughts on a Neglected Category of Social Movement Participant: The agent provocateur - Gary Marx Intra-Movement Pluralism Tilting the Frame: Considerations on collective action framing from a discursive turn - Marc Steinberg Section 2: Roles and Styles of Movement Leaders Competing Tasks of Movement Leaders Functional Areas of Leadership in Social Movements - Joseph Gusfield Organizing Democracy: The limits of theory and practice - Lawrence Goodwyn Gender and Leadership African American Women in the Civil Rights Movement: Gender, leadership and micromobilization - Belinda Robnett Section 3: Impact of Local Environments on Movements Neighborhoods and Movement Development Networks and Mobilization in the Paris Commune, 1871 - Roger Gould University Campuses as Movement Settings Ecologies of Social Movements: Student mobilization during the 1989 prodemocracy movement in Beijing - Dingxin Zhao Section 4: Movements Acting "Above" the State Venue Shopping The Dualities of Transnational Contention: 'Two activist solitudes' or a new world altogether? - Sidney Tarrow Black Southern Student Sit-in Movement: An Analysis of Internal Organization - Aldon Morris Different Appeals to Different Audiences The Benefits of Frame Resonance Disputes for Transnational Movements: The case of Botswana's central Kalahari game reserve - Danielle Resnick Section 5: Social Movements and Cultural Globalization Politics beyond the State: Environmental activism and world civic politics - Paul Wapner Globalization and Transnational Diffusion Between Social Movements: Reconceptualizing the dissemination of the Gandhian repertoire and the 'coming out' routine" - Sean Chabot and Jan Willem Duyvendak Globalizing Social Movement Theory: The case of eugenics - Deborah Barrett and Charles Kurzman Section 6: So, Do Movements Matter? Processes of Political Education On Participation - Hanna Fenichel Pitkin and Sara Shumer Measuring Achievements in Light of Political Possibilities Stolen Thunder? Huey Long's Share Our Wealth, political mediation and the Second New Deal - Edwin Amenta, Kathleen Dunleavy, and Mary Bernstein Noticing Indirect Effects