Acknowledgments
Abbreviations
Introduction
Chapter 1. Contexts Matter: Historical, Economic, Cultural, Religious Practices of the Five Ethnic Groups
Chapter 2. Transnational Labor Brokerage System and Its Infrastructure
Chapter 3. Labor Recruitment Process and Indebtedness
Chapter 4. Precarity and Coping Mechanisms
Chapter 5. Physical Third Space Empowerment
Chapter 6. Metaphorical Third Space Empowerment
Chapter 7. Aspirations After Malaysia
Conclusion
Appendix 1. Descriptions of the Samples
Appendix 2. Land Issues for the Five Ethnic Groups in This Study
Appendix 3. Chronology of the Transnational Labor Brokerage State System, 1980s2019
Appendix 4. Legal Documentation of Labor Export Policies
Appendix 5. List of Organizations
Notes
Bibliography
Index
Abbreviations
Introduction
Chapter 1. Contexts Matter: Historical, Economic, Cultural, Religious Practices of the Five Ethnic Groups
Chapter 2. Transnational Labor Brokerage System and Its Infrastructure
Chapter 3. Labor Recruitment Process and Indebtedness
Chapter 4. Precarity and Coping Mechanisms
Chapter 5. Physical Third Space Empowerment
Chapter 6. Metaphorical Third Space Empowerment
Chapter 7. Aspirations After Malaysia
Conclusion
Appendix 1. Descriptions of the Samples
Appendix 2. Land Issues for the Five Ethnic Groups in This Study
Appendix 3. Chronology of the Transnational Labor Brokerage State System, 1980s2019
Appendix 4. Legal Documentation of Labor Export Policies
Appendix 5. List of Organizations
Notes
Bibliography
Index