Warfare and the Miraculous in the Chronicles of the First Crusade

Contents

Acknowledgments

Introduction

1 Eyewitnesses of Miracles

2 Supernatural Interventions in the Battle of Antioch: The Origins

3 Hostile Appropriations of Byzantine Saints by the Normans of the South

4 The Normans of the South: From Scourge of God to Chosen People

5 Judas Maccabeus: A Jewish Warrior, a Christian Patriarch, and a Muslim General

6 “The West Prepares to Illuminate the East”

Conclusion

Notes

Bibliography

Index

“Lapina takes a fresh look at how the events in Antioch were reported in chronicles (those written by participants in the Crusades and those created by stay-at-home writers in Western Europe immediately afterwards) and chansons de geste.”

—Brian G. H. Ditcham, Sixteenth Century Journal