Ergonomics in Sport and Physical Activity

Thomas Reilly, PhD, DSc, FErgS, FIBiol, was a professor of sport science in the Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences at Liverpool John Moores University in Liverpool, United Kingdom. Reilly's research focused on the field of sport ergonomics. He conducted research for a wide range of companies and organizations, including GlaxoSmithKline, Mars, the Football Association, the International Olympic Committee, Health and Safety Executive, the European Commission, and various professional soccer clubs and equipment manufacturers. In 2008, Reilly and his research team were awarded the President's Medal from the Ergonomics Society. Reilly was a founding member of the European College of Sport Science, established in 1996. He was also a founding member of the Society of Sports Science, which became the British Association of Sport & Exercise Sciences. He was a fellow of the Ergonomics Society, the Institute of Biology, the European College of Sport Science, and the British Association of Sport & Exercise Sciences. Reilly was the founding editor of the Journal of Sports Sciences, holding this position from 1982 to 1997. He served as an editor for special issues in sport ergonomics for the Journal of Applied Ergonomics and Ergonomics. From 1992 to 2005, he was the chair of the Exercise Physiology Steering Group of the British Olympic Association. Reilly also served as chair of the British Association of Sport & Exercise Sciences from 1994 to 1996 and as chair of the Scientific Committee of the European College of Sport Science from 2003 to 2008. Tom Reilly passed away on June 11, 2009, as this book was nearing publication.

Preface Introduction Part I. Risk Factors Chapter 1. Physical Properties of Human Structures Monitoring Activity Demands Assessing Individual Characteristics Assessing Physiological Capabilities Assessing Mental Load Overview and Summary Chapter 2. Health and Safety Injuries Predisposition to Injury Overtraining and Overreaching Immunosuppression Risk Assessment Risk Taking and Fun Spectator Safety Human Ethics and Risk Overview and Summary Chapter 3. Environmental Stress Thermoregulation Altitude Air Quality Noise Overview and Summary Chapter 4. Circadian Rhythms Training and Time of Day Sleep-Wake Cycle Travel Fatigue and Jet Lag Sleep Deprivation or Disruption Nocturnal Shift Work Overview and Summary Part II. Sport Ergonomics Chapter 5. Ergonomics Models and Training Modes in Sport and Leisure Fitting the Task to the Person Generic Models The Training Component Technological Training Aids Overview and Summary Chapter 6. Competitive and Training Stress in Sport Physiological Loading Spinal Loading Physical Loading Psychological Loading Overview and Summary Chapter 7. Sports Equipment and Playing Surfaces Sports Implements Sport Surfaces Sports Clothing Sport Shoes Protective Functions of Sports Equipment Personal Protective Equipment Overview and Summary Part III. Ergonomics in Physical Activities Chapter 8. Fitness for Work Military Personnel Prison Officers Police Officers Firefighters Bus Workers and Postal Workers Drivers Ambulance Workers Forestry Workers Beach Lifeguards Professional Divers Workplace Fitness Programs Overview and Summary Chapter 9. Special Populations Young People Women Elderly People Athletes With Disabilities Match Officials Overview and Summary Chapter 10. Clinical Aspects Predispositions to Injury Musculoskeletal Loading Overreaching Warming Up and Cooling Down Recovery Process Prophylactic Measures Supplements in Clinical Contexts Artificial Neural Networks Overview and Summary Chapter 11. A Holistic and Nutritional Ergonomics Perspective Participatory Ergonomics Human Enhancement Technologies Performance and Cognitive Enhancement Historical Perspective on Drug Use From Clinic to Gymnasium Nutritional Supplements and Over-the-Counter Drugs Global Ergonomics Overview and Summary Afterword References Index About the Author

"The book shines. I have not found any other book that interweaves two concepts [sport science and ergonomics] so successfully." -Doody's Book Review (5-star review)