Introduction - James A Inciardi and Lana D Harrison The Re-Emergence of Heroin in the Age of Crack-Cocaine Heroin Use in the United States - Timothy Kinlock, Thomas E Hanlon and David N Nurco History and Development The Heroin Street Addict - James A Inciardi, Duane C McBride and Hilary L Surratt Profiling a National Population The Initiation of the Use of Heroin in the Age of Crack - Dale D Chitwood, Mary Comerford and Norman L Weatherby Heroin Patterns and Trajectories in an African American Cohort (1969-1990) - Ann F Brunswick and Stephen P Titus Trends in Heroin Use among Manhattan Arrestees from the Heroin and Crack Eras - Bruce D Johnson and Andrew Golub Trends in the Non-Injected Use of Heroin and Factors Associated with the Transition to Injecting - Alan Neaigus et al Methadone Maintenance Treatment - Jerome J Platt et al Its Development and Effectiveness after Thirty Years `Hustling' within the Clinic - Geoffrey Hunt and Marsha Rosenbaum Consumer Perspectives on Methadone Maintenance Treatment The New Heroin Users in the USA - Jean-Paul Grund What Lessons Can Be Learned from the Diffusion of Heroin Inhalation in The Netherlands To Prevent Large Scale Transitions to Injecting Drug Use