Violence and Nonviolence

Gregg Barak is professor of criminology and criminal justice and former department head of sociology, anthropology, and criminology at Eastern Michigan University. Dr. Barak is the editor and/or author of some 20 books and three of these are award winning titles. Most recently, these books and awards include: Chronicles of a Radical Criminologist: Working the Margins of Law, Power, and Justice. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2020. Class, Race, Gender, and Crime: The Social Realities of Justice in America, 5th edition. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. 2018. (Co-authors P. Leighton & A. Cotton). Unchecked Corporate Power: Why the Crimes of Multinational Corporations are Routinized Away and What We Can Do About It. London and New York: Routledge. 2017. (Recipient of the Outstanding Book Award for 2017 from the ASC's Division of White Collar and Corporate Crime). The Routledge International Handbook of the Crimes of the Powerful. Editor and Contributor. London & New York: Routledge. 2015. Theft of a Nation: Wall Street Looting and Federal Regulatory Colluding. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2012. (Recipient of the Outstanding Publication Award for 2012 from the White Collar Crime Research Consortium and the National Center for White Collar Crime, Washington, D.C.). Professor Barak has served as Chair of the Critical Division of the American Society of Criminology, was the Critical Criminologist of the Year in 1999, and has served on more than a dozen editorial boards.

Preface Acknowledgements INTRODUCTION - Secrets of Violence and Nonviolence Decreasing Violence and Increasing Nonviolence Feelings and Structures Private and Public Shame A Germ Theory of Violence and Nonviolence Violent and Nonviolent Rhetoric, Youth at Risk, and Implications for Peacemaking Violence Against Youth Is More Important Than Violence by Youth Organization of the Book References PART I: TYPES OF VIOLENCE Chapter One: Violence in Perspective Sanctioned and Unsanctioned Violence: An Alternative Perspective Violence as an Integral Part of American Life American Violence in Historical Perspective American Violence in Contemporary Perspective American Violence in Comparative Perspective A Reciprocal Approach to Studying Violence Summary References Review Questions Chapter Two: Interpersonal Violence Box 2.1 Harrassment and Silence Homicide Box 2.2 Serial Killer Box 2.3 Retaliatory Bombing Box 2.4 Homosexual Panic Leading to Murder Box 2.5 Rape and Homicide Box 2.6 Situated Transactions Box 2.7 Altruisitic Killings Box 2.8 Motherhood and Mental Illness Juvenile Victimization Box 2.9 Homosexual Juvenile Homicide Box 2.10 College Murder Box 2.11 High School Homicide Box 2.12 The Smiling Gunman Physical and Sexual Child Abuse Box 2.13 Rapist Returns Rape Box 2.14 Elder Rape and Murder Stalking Summary References Review Questions Chapter Three: Institutional Violence Box 3.1 Rampage in Central Park Box 3.2 The Hamburg Riot, 1876 Supremacy (2000) Box 3.3 The Birmingham Church Bombing, 1963 Family Violence Box 3.4 "Silence Ending About Abuse in Gay Relationships" Childhood Maltreatment School Violence Box 3.5 Youth Sports and Violence Gang Violence Box 3.6 Do or Die Police and Penal Violence Box 3.7 Police Torture Box 3.8 The Rampart Scandal Box 3.9 New Jersey Turnpike Shootings Box 3.10 Private Youth Prisons Box 3.11 Danger on Death Row Summary References Review Questions Chapter Four: Structural Violence Box 4.1 Child Slave Labor Postcolonial Violence Box 4.2 Genocide in the Americas Corporate Violence Box 4.3 The Tobacco Industry Box 4.4 The ValuJet Crash Box 4.5 The Auto Industry Underclass Violence Box 4.6 Hate Crimes Against the Homeless Terrorist Violence Institutional-Structural Violence Box 4.7 The War on Kids Summary References Review Questions PART II: PATHWAYS TO VIOLENCE Chapter Five: Explanations of Violence Ad Hoc Explanations: General and Family Violence Life-Course Models of Human Behavior: Causation, Time, and Violence On the Reciprocity of Violent and Nonviolent Pathways A Reciprocal Theory of Violence Summary References Review Questions Chapter Six: Media and Violence Mass Media, Columbine, and the Middle East Box 6.1 A Dialogue on Media and Violence Box 6.2 Tania Modleski's Tale America's Fascination With Mediated Violence Violence and Media Context: The Direct and Indirect Effects Mass Media: Production, Distortion, and Consumption Summary References Review Questions Chapter Seven: Sexuality and Violence Philosophizing About Sexuality Nature, Nurture, and Human Evolution On Aggression and Nonaggression Marking the Sexualities of Difference and Hierarchy Box 7.1 The Dialectics of Sexuality and the New Pornography Box 7.2 Sexuality, Androgyny, and Sadomasochism Sexual Difference, Gender Identity, and Violence Summary References Review Questions PART III: PATHWAYS TO NONVIOLENCE Chapter Eight: Recovering From Violence A Reciprocal Approach to Violence Recovery Box 8.1 Battered Women, Welfare, Poverty, Reciprocal Violence, and Recovery Interpersonal Recovery Institutional Recovery Box 8.2 Films, Recovery, and Vigilantism Structural Recovery Box 8.3 Terrorism, Counterterrorism, Energy, and Recovery Summary References Review Questions Chapter Nine: Models of Nonviolence On the Paradigms of Adversarialism and Mutualism A Brief History of Nonviolent Struggle (1900-2000) Models of Nonviolence Positive Peacemaking Summary References Review Questions Chapter Ten: Policies of Nonviolence A Summary Review of Victimization and the Pathways to Violence A Review and Critique of the Adversarial War on Violence Mutualism and the Struggle for Nonviolence Nonviolent Policies That Prevent Antisocial Pathways to Violence Nonviolent Policies That Build Pathways to Positive Peace, Human Rights, and Social Justice Transformative Justice and Pathways to Violence and Nonviolence References Review Questions Index About the Author

"Gregg Barak's Violence and Nonviolence is a thoughtful, comprehensive examination of violence in the United States. Structurally and conceptually this book works. Barak addresses violence in an interdisciplinary way, addressing history, psychology, biology, cultural studies, and sociology. Moreover, Barak does an excellent job of discussing the intersection of race, class, and gender and those relationships with violence." -- Heather Melton "Clearly, the strength of this book is its comprehensive and reciprocal approach. I found this to be an enjoyable and provocative book... that treats the topic holistically and offers a vision for overcoming current patterns of violence. I am convinced that this is an important work that will ultimately be well-received by undergraduates, graduate students, violence specialists, and general readers." -- Mathew T. Lee "I think that the strengths of this book are twofold: Barak's approach disaggregates violence into interpersonal, institutional, and structural violence which is very important yet rarely done; the latter part of the book explores the pathways to nonviolence, an underrepresented area in the study of violence." -- Charis Kubrin "I have devoted close to 20 years studying and teaching about violence and I must say that this is a comprehensive book....I strongly believe that Barak has done an outstanding review of the extant literature and touches upon key issues of central concern to those of us who are social scientific experts on violence." -- Walter Dekeseredy