Correctional Mental Health Handbook

Thomas J. Fagan, Ph.D., is currently an Associate Professor of Psychology and the Director of the Division of Social and Behavioral Science at Nova Southeastern University in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida. For 23 years he was a psychology practitioner and administrator with the Federal Bureau of Prisons where he was an active participant in developing correctional mental health programs, creating mental health policies and procedures, and training professional, paraprofessional, and correctional staff. Dr. Fagan was also the Bureau's Chief hostage negotiator and coordinator of its crisis negotiation training program. Over the years, he has served as a consultant to numerous federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies in the areas of crisis negotiation, critical incident stress debriefing, and management of correctional mental health services and programs. Dr. Fagan has published regularly in correctional and psychological journals, has authored several book chapters, and co-edited two books with Robert K. Ax, Ph.D. -Correctional Mental Health Handbook (2003) and Corrections, Mental Health, and Social Policy: International Perspectives (2007). He also published a book on crisis negotiation in correctional settings - Negotiating Correctional Incidents: A Practical Guide (2003). Since 1997, Dr. Fagan has served as the American Psychological Association (APA)'s representative on the Board of Directors of the National Commission on Correctional Health Care (NCCHC) - a national organization dedicated to insuring quality health and mental health care to incarcerated individuals. He served as NCCHC's Board Chair from 2002 - 2003. He is a Fellow in APA's Divisions 12 and 18. Division 18 recognized his work in correctional mental health with a special achievement award in 1993 and he received APA's Award for Distinguished Contributions to Practice in the Public Sector in 2006. He received is Bachelor's degree from Rutgers University and his Master's and Doctoral Degrees from Virginia Tech. Robert K. Ax, Ph.D., received his doctorate in clinical psychology from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, and practiced in state and federal corrections for more than 20 years. He is a licensed clinical psychologist (Virginia), a Fellow of the American Psychological Association (APA), a member of the Canadian Psychological Association (CPA), and a former President of the APA Division of Psychologists in Public Service (18). He has twice been the recipient of Division 18's Distinguished Service Award, and in 2009 received its highest honor, the Harold Hildreth Award. He was the training director of the Federal Bureau of Prisons' first APA-accredited internship program at the Federal Correctional Institution, Petersburg, Virginia. Dr. Ax is the co-editor, with Dr. Thomas J. Fagan, of two previous volumes, the Correctional Mental Health Handbook, published by Sage in 2003, and Corrections, Mental Health and Social Policy: International Perspectives (Charles C Thomas, 2007). He has published articles on mental health training and correctional issues, currently serves on the editorial board of the journal Criminal Justice and Behavior, and has served as an invited reviewer for other journals, including American Psychologist, Psychological Services, and Professional Psychology: Research and Practice. Dr. Ax has published several articles on organized psychology's prescriptive authority initiative as well. He delivered an invited address on this issue at the annual CPA convention in 2008, and served as a content expert (1998-1999) for the development of the APA College of Professional Psychology's Psychopharmacology Examination for Psychologists. Dr. Ax received the American Society for the Advancement of Pharmacotherapy's (APA's Division 55) National Leadership Award in 2006.

Introduction Chapter 1 - Mental Health in Corrections: A Model for Service Delivery - Thomas J. Fagan The Mentally Disordered in Prisons and Jails: A Historical Perspective Metal Illness in Prisons and Jails: Current Status Mental Health Services in Prisons and Jails: A Conceptual Model Level One Services Level Two Services Level Three Services Conclusions Chapter 2 - Correctional Mental Health Professionals - Phil Magaletta and Jennifer Boothby Introduction The Correctional Mental Health Professions General Professional Considerations Psychiatrists Psychologists Social Workers Other Mental Health Professionals Treatment Teams Paraprofessionals Mental Health Professionals - Common Correctional Challenges The Challenge of Limited Knowledge The Challenge of Limited Resources The Challenge of Patience in an Action-Oriented Environment The Challenge of the Joint Mission Self-Care for Mental Health Professionals Chapter 3 - Correctional Mental Health Ethics Revisited - John Dignam The Correctional Context Treatment vs. Security: A False Dichotomy Who is the Client? Who is the Provider? Ethical Issues Privacy and Confidentiality Dual or Multiple Relationships Clarification of Role Boundaries of Competence and Maintaining Expertise Summary and Conclusion Chapter 4- Basic Mental Health Services: Services and Issues - Robert Morgan Typical Mental Health Problems Exhibited By Offenders Basic Mental Health Services Assessment Acute Crisis Intervention Therapeutic Services Special Mental Health Evaluations Mental Health Records Liability Issues and Basic Mental Health Services Conclusion Chapter 5 - Substance Abuse Treatment Programs in Prisons and Jails - Roger Peters and Charlie Matthews Current Issues Related to Drug Offenders in Prisons and Jails Policy Trends Affecting the Incarceration of Substance-Involved Offenders The Need for Correctional Treatment History and Scope of Correctional Treatment Services Standards for Substance Abuse Treatment Services in Prisons and Jails Legal Standards Professional Standards Correctional Substance Abuse Treatment Programs Federal Bureau of Prisons Florida Department of Corrections Oregon Department of Corrections Correctional Treatment Outcome Research Treatment Approaches for Special Populations Co-Occurring Mental Health and Substance Abuse Disorders Treatment of Female Inmates Future Directions and Trends in Correctional Substance Abuse Treatment Linking Correctional and Community Treatment Expanding Treatment Alternatives to Incarceration New Directions in Correctional Treatment Research Chapter 6 - Managing and Treating Mentally Disordered Offenders in Jails and Prisons - Shelia Holton Current Issues, Problems, and Trends Mental Illness: Movement from Hospitals to Prisons and Jails Obstacles to Effective Treatment in Prisons and Jails Serious Mental Health Disorders Found In Prisons and Jails: Management and Treatment Issues Psychotic Disorders Mood Disorders Borderline Personality Disorder Antisocial Personality Disorder and Psychopathy Substance Abuse Disorders Best Practices Mental Health Treatment Units Mobile Assessment Teams Suicide Prevention and Interventions Telehealth Future Trends in the Treatment of the Mentally Ill in Corrections Chapter 7 - Management and Treatment of Female Offenders - Lane Wagaman Female Offenders: A Brief Historical Overview Characteristics of Female Offenders Demographic Data Responses to Incarceration Special Management, Treatment and Program Considerations Utilization of Health and Mental Health Services Obstetric and Gynecological Needs Dietary and Nutritional Needs Sleep Disturbance Pain and Pain Management Alcohol and Other Substance Abuse Treatment Needs Trauma and Abuse Family Relationship and Parenting Issues Mental Health Services Conclusions Chapter 8 - Treating and Managing Sexual Offenders and Predators - Andrea Boardman and Dave DeMatteo Introduction Legislative Trends Sexually Violent Predator Laws Sex Offender Registration and Notification Laws Internet Child Pornography Sexual Offenders in Prisons and Jails: Clinical Description Rapists Child Molesters Offender Typologies: A Cautionary Note Other Sexual Acts Sexual Offenders in Prisons and Jails: Management Considerations Sexual Assault in Prison Sexual Offender Treatment Programs Sex Offender Treatment Outcome Studies Best Practices Future Directions Chapter 9 - Identifying Juvenile Offenders with Mental Health Disorders - Lisa Boesky Introduction Identification of Juveniles with Mental Health Disorders Self-Report Information Family History Screening and Assessment Instruments Improving the Accuracy of Self-Reported Information Collateral Sources of Information Observation Behavior or Symptom Checklists Common Mental Disorders Found Among Juvenile Offenders Oppositional Defiant Disorder Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Conduct Disorder Major Depression Dysthymic Disorder Bipolar Disorder Suicidal Behavior Mental Retardation Learning Disorders Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Self-Injury Psychotic Disorders Co-Morbidity Co-Occurring Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders Cultural Issues Conclusions Chapter 10 - Other Special Offender Populations - Linda Richardson Introduction Military Offenders Foreign-Born Offenders Elderly Offenders Terminally Ill Offenders HIV Infected/AIDS Offenders Offenders with Mental Retardation Conclusions Chapter 11 - Staff Services and Programs - Rich Ellis Employee Assistance Programs: Intervention Models Stress and Employee Mental Health in the Correctional Environment In-House Model Mixed Model The Independent Model Other EAP Considerations Workplace Violence: From the Individual to the Institution Actual Examples of Correctional Workplace Violence Responses to Workplace Violence Examples Other Examples of Workplace Violence Interventions for Workplace Violence: Defusing and Debriefing Debriefing: What to do when the workplace goes wrong The Debriefing Process Debriefing Procedures and States The Defusing Process Conclusions Chapter 12 - Staff Training: Multiple Roles for Mental Health Professionals - Kathy Harowski Overview Correctional Trends and their Training Implications Rapid Growth in the Correctional Population Diversity in Both Offenders and the Workforce Changing Technology Training Roles for Mental Health Professionals Trainer and Audience Issues Developing Mental Health Paraprofessionals Training in Particular Skill Areas Trauma Inoculation/Individual Factors in Coping with Stress Training the Next Generation of Correctional Mental Health Professionals Chapter 13 - Mental Health Professionals as Institutional Consultants and Problem-Solvers - Joel Dvoskin, Erin M. Spiers, and Stephen Pitts Introduction Assessing Institutional Climate Consultation Within The Institution Classification Case Management/Unit Teams Detail/work supervisors Disciplinary Proceedings Conflict Resolution Staff Screening and Selection Program Development and Evaluation Crisis: Prevention and Response Training Consultation Post-Incident Response Mental Health Professionals as Correctional Administrators Conclusion Chapter 14 - Research-based Practice in Corrections: A Selective Review - Carl Clements and Alix McLearen Introduction Research Frameworks The Person-centered Perspective: Offender Characteristics The Situation-centered Perspective: Policies and Programs The Interactionist Perspective: Tailored, Selected Interventions Research in Offender Assessment and Classification Risk Assessment Assessment for Treatment Treatment Outcomes Research Meta-analysis and Correctional Outcomes The Role of Theory Other Evidence of Effective Programs Research on Special Populations and Issues Psychopathic Traits as a Special Risk/Needs Factor Malingering: Detection and Response Ethical Issues in Correctional Research Constraints, Recommendations, and Future Issues to Consider Extending Professional Capacity Mental Health Professionals as Managers Commitment to Correctional Research Implementing Best Practices and Maintaining Therapeutic Integrity Research with Female Offenders Research in Jail Settings Conclusion Chapter 15 - A Viable Future for Correctional Mental Health Care - Robert K. Ax Introduction Framing the Future Public Health Citizens as Consumers Globalization: American Correctional Mental Health in a Connected World Building a Viable Future: Changes in Health Care Delivery Technology Psychotropic medication Programming, Assessment and Provider Issues Staff Issues Role Transformations: Toward a biopsychosocial scope of practice and self-concept Conclusion About the Authors

"Correctional Mental Health Handbook, edited by Thomas J. Fagan and Robert K. Ax, is full of information for hands-on management as well as information for policy decisions... Within this excellent text, each chapter, which is written by seasoned mental health professionals, provides information useful to corrections professionals as well as students of criminal justice." -- Kip Hillman "The chapters are well organized, well written, and well referenced. The authors are well qualified, all having years of pertinent experience in both the clinical and administrative realms, and the editors share more than 40 years of experience. . . . Correctional Mental Health Handbook has a place on the shelf of any correctional health professional, particularly program leaders. It is also a must-read for clinical training directors who are considering correctional placements for their trainees." * Psychiatric Services *