The Handbook of Spiritual Development in Childhood and Adolescence

Eugene C. Roehlkepartain is senior adviser in the office of the president, Search Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota, where he provides leadership for research, publishing, training, and consulting projects that focus on spiritual development, as well as the institute's work with congregations of all faiths. Roehlkepartain has written more than 25 books and reports, and numerous newspaper, magazine, and journal articles on youth development, families and parenting, community building, religious and spiritual development, and related issues. In addition to editing this volume, he is a coeditor of Religious Perspectives on Spirituality in Childhood and Adolescence (2005). He holds a bachelor's degree in journalism and religion from Baylor University in Waco, Texas. Pamela Ebstyne King serves as research assistant professor of psychology in the Center for Research in Child and Adolescent Development in the School of Psychology at Fuller Theological Seminary in Pasadena, California. Her primary research and teaching interests include positive youth development, spiritual and moral development, and theological perspectives of development. She is particularly interested in enabling thriving through families, congregations, schools, and youth-serving organizations. Ordained in the Presbyterian Church (USA), Dr. King has a background in child, youth, and adult ministry; a master's of divinity; and Ph.D. in family studies from Fuller Theological Seminary. She was a visiting scholar under the Divinity Faculty at Cambridge University and did her postdoctoral work at the Stanford Center on Adolescence. Dr. King is a coauthor of The Reciprocating Self: Human Development in Theological Perspective (2005). Her research has been published in Developmental Psychology, Applied Developmental Science, the Journal of Early Adolescence, and the Journal of Psychology and Christianity. Linda M. Wagener is associate professor of psychology and associate dean of the graduate school of psychology at Fuller Theological Seminary, where she is also codirector of the Center for Research in Child and Adolescent Development. Her research interests include positive youth development, with a particular focus on the spiritual, religious, and moral development of adolescence. Dr. Wagener is currently a principal investigator on an adolescent violence prevention grant from the United States Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. Peter L. Benson is president of Search Institute, which provides leadership, knowledge, and resources to promote healthy children, youth, and communities. He has written extensively in adolescent development, altruism, spiritual development, and thriving in adolescence. He serves as principal investigator for Search Institute's initiative on spiritual development in childhood and adolescence. In 1991, he received the William James Award for career contributions to the psychology of religion from the American Psychological Association. Dr. Benson is the author or editor of numerous books and articles, including Developmental Assets and Asset-Building Communities, All Kids Are Our Kids: What Communities Must Do to Raise Caring and Responsible Children and Adolescents, and Religion on Capitol Hill: Myths and Realities. He is general editor for the Search Institute Series on Developmentally Attentive Community and Society, published by Springer. He holds a doctorate in experimental social psychology from the University of Denver.

Editors' Preface 1. Spiritual Development in Childhood and Adolescence: Moving to the Scientific Mainstream - Eugene C. Roehlkepartain, Peter L. Benson, Pamela Ebstyne King, and Linda M. Wagener PART I FOUNDATIONS FOR THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE Introduction 2. Toward a Developmental Analysis of Religious and Spiritual Development - W. George Scarlett 3. Stages of Faith From Infancy Through Adolescence: Reflections on Three Decades of Faith Development Theory - James W. Fowler and Mary Lynn Dell 4. Spiritual Development: Intersections and Divergence With Religious Development - David Hay, K. Helmut Reich, and Michael Utsch 5. On Making Humans Human: Spirituality and the Promotion of Positive Youth Development - Richard M. Lerner, Amy E. Alberts, Pamela M. Anderson, and Elizabeth M. Dowling 6. Philosophical Issues in Spiritual Education and Development - Hanan A. Alexander and David Carr 7. Measurement and Research Design in Studying Spiritual Development - Richard L. Gorsuch and Donald Walker PART II DESCRIPTIVE APPROACHES TO SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT Introduction 8. The Demographics of Spirituality Among Youth: International Perspectives - Laura H. Lippman and Julie Dombrowski Keith 9. The Changing Global Context of Adolescent Spirituality - Suman Verma and Madelene Sta. Maria 10. Spiritual and Religious Pathology in Childhood and Adolescence - Linda M. Wagener and H. Newton Malony 11. Non-Western Approaches to Spiritual Development Among Infants and Young Children: A Case Study From West Africa - Alma Gottlieb 12. Spiritual Experiences and Capacities of Children and Youth - Tobin Hart PART III SPIRITUALITY AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT: EXPLORING CONNECTIONS Introduction 13. A Neuropsychological Perspective of Spiritual Development - Andrew B. Newberg and Stephanie K. Newberg 14. Attachment and Spiritual Development in Childhood and Adolescence - Pehr Granqvist and Jane R. Dickie 15. Cognitive-Cultural Foundations of Spiritual Development - Carl N. Johnson and Chris J. Boyatzis 16. The Relationship Between Moral and Spiritual Development - Lawrence J. Walker and Kevin S. Reimer 17. The Relationship Between Spiritual Development and Civic Development - Thomas M. Donnelly, M. Kyle Matsuba, Daniel Hart, and Robert Atkins 18. The Relation Between Spiritual Development and Identity Processes - Janice L. Templeton and Jacquelynne S. Eccles 19. Personality and Spiritual Development - Teresa T. Kneezel and Robert A. Emmons PART IV THE ECOLOGIES OF SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT Introduction 20. Ethnicity, Culture, and Spiritual Development - Jacqueline S. Mattis, Muninder K. Ahluwalia, Sheri-Ann E. Cowie, and Aria M. Kirkland-Harris 21. The Family as a Context for Religious and Spiritual Development in Children and Youth - Chris J. Boyatzis, David C. Dollahite, and Loren D. Marks 22. Mentors, Friends, and Gurus: Peer and Nonparent Influences on Spiritual Development - Kelly Dean Schwartz, William M. Bukowski, and Wayne T. Aoki 23. Congregations: Unexamined Crucibles for Spiritual Development - Eugene C. Roehlkepartain and Eboo Patel PART V DEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOMES OF SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT Introduction 24. Religious Coping by Children and Adolescents: Unexplored Territory in the Realm of Spiritual Development - Annette Mahoney, Sara Pendleton, and Heidi Ihrke 25. Resilience and Spirituality in Youth - Emily Crawford, Margaret O'Dougherty Wright, and Ann S. Masten 26. Delinquency: A Quest for Moral and Spiritual Integrity? - Ronnie Frankel Blakeney and Charles David Blakeney 27. Spiritual Development and Adolescent Well-Being and Thriving - Pamela Ebstyne King and Peter L. Benson 28. Religion, Spirituality, and Children's Physical Health - Doug Oman and Carl E. Thoresen PART VI TOWARD THE FUTURE IN PRACTICE, POLICY, AND RESEARCH Introduction 29. Spiritually Oriented Psychotherapy With Youth: A Child-Centered Approach - Lisa Miller and Brien Kelley 30. Bridging the Gap: From Social Science to Congregations, Researchers to Practitioners - Dean Borgman 31. Integrating Spiritual Development Into Child and Youth Care Programs and Institutions - Daniel G. Scott and Douglas Magnuson 32. Bridging to Public Policy and Civil Society - Steve Hornberger, Roberta Furtick Jones, and Robert L. Miller Jr. 33. Childhood Spirituality: Strengthening the Research Foundation - Donald Ratcliff and Rebecca NyeDonald Ratcliff and Rebecca Nye 34. The Science of Child and Adolescent Spiritual Development: Definitional, Theoretical, and Field-Building Challenges - Peter L. Benson Author Index Subject Index About the Editors About the Contributors

"The editors recognize that spirituality, long neglected by psychologists, has recently come back into fashion. Because of the long exile, many psychologists are illiterate about religious scholarship. These editors know the field and are qualified to serve as guides to assist their psychologist colleagues in gaining an introduction and immersion....Timely and worthwhile." -- James Youniss "Research into spiritual development during childhood and adolescence has remained fragmented and yearned for the stimulus of integration, cross-fertilisation, and internationalisation, across conceptual boundaries, methodological divisions, religious traditions, and local interests. The Handbook of Spiritual Development in Childhood and Adolescence sets out to meet this need and does so with skill and with authority, by identifying the key themes and by drawing on the best minds to address those themes. Research communities and faith communities have been well served by this pioneering initiative." -- The Revd Professor Leslie J Francis PhD, ScD, DD "The Handbook of Spiritual Development in Childhood and Adolescence makes a significant contribution to the breadth of interpretation of the multiple realities related to something we identify as spirituality. The strength of this volume is that it does not settle for one description or one definition of spirituality. Instead, it offers insight into the struggle to define spirituality through the multiple perspectives of the social sciences. The edited volume contributes meaningfully to the work of others who also study the content and context of our spiritual development." -- Joretta L. Marshall "With sixty-seven scholars from four continents and many diverse disciplines contributing as authors to the volume; with fourteen scholars from around the world serving as editorial advisors; with financial support provided by the John Templeton Foundation via Search Institute; with frequent conversations occurring with colleagues at Fuller Theological Seminary; and with the careful attention of editorial work provided by Sage publications, this handbook provides a remarkable contribution toward those ends." -JOURNAL OF YOUTH AND THEOLOGY -- Chris Kiesling * Journal of Youth and Theology (2007) *