Research and Evaluation Methods in Special Education

Donna M. Mertens is Professor Emeritus, Department of Education, at Gallaudet University. She taught research methods and program evaluation to deaf and hearing students at the MA and PhD levels for over 30 years. She now teaches courses and professional development workshops around the world. She conducts research and evaluation studies on such topics as improvement of special education services in international settings, planning for the inclusion of students with disabilities in neighborhood schools, enhancing the educational experiences of students with disabilities, preventing sexual abuse in residential schools for deaf students, improving access to the court systems for deaf and hard-of-hearing people, and improving the preparation of teachers of the deaf through appropriate use of instructional technology. Her research focuses on improving methods of inquiry by integrating the perspectives of those who have experienced oppression in our society. She draws on the writings of feminists, racial and ethnic minorities, and people with disabilities, as well as Indigenous peoples who have addressed the issues of power and oppression and their implications for research methodology. Dr. Mertens has made numerous presentations at the meetings of the American Educational Research Association, American Evaluation Association, Australasian Evaluation Society, Association for College Educators of the Deaf and Hard of Hearing, International Sociological Association, Mixed Methods International Research Association, American Psychological Association, African Evaluation Association, Canadian Evaluation Society, Visitors Studies Association, and other organizations that explore these themes. She served as president and board member of the American Evaluation Association from 1997 to 2002 and as a member of the Board of Trustees for the International Organization for Cooperation in Evaluation, 2002-2003. She served as editor for the Journal of Mixed Methods Research 2009-2014. Her publications include four edited volumes, Indigenous Pathways to Social Research (coedited with Fiona Cram and Bagele Chilisa, 2013), Handbook of Social Research Ethics (coedited with Pauline Ginsberg, 2009), Creative Ideas for Teaching Evaluation (1989), and Research and Inequality (coedited with Carole Truman and Beth Humphries, 2000), and several authored books, including Mixed Methods Design in Evaluation (2018), Program Evaluation: A Comprehensive Guide (2nd ed.) (with Amy Wilson, 2018), Transformative Research and Evaluation (2009), Research and Evaluation Methods in Special Education (coauthored with John McLaughlin, 2004), and Parents and Their Deaf Children (coauthored with Kay Meadow-Orlans and Marilyn Sass Lehrer, 2003). She also publishes many chapters and articles in edited volumes, encyclopedias, handbooks, and journals, such as Journal of Mixed Methods Research, Qualitative Social Work, Eye on Psi Chi, Educational Researcher, International Journal of Mixed Methods Research, New Directions for Program Evaluation, American Journal of Evaluation, American Annals of the Deaf, Studies in Educational Evaluation, and Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis.

Preface Acknowledgments About the Authors 1. Introduction Questions and Activities for Application and Discussion 2. Program Evaluation Questions and Activities for Application and Discussion 3. Literature Review Purposes of the Literature Review Resources to Support the Literature Review Reporting the Literature Review Method Aggregating Information for a Literature Review The Integrated Literature Review Questions to Critically Analyze the Literature Review Questions and Activities for Application and Discussion 4. Quantitative Research Methods: Questions of Impact Philosophical Assumptions Associated With Quantitative Research Questions and Activities for Application and Discussion 5. Other Quantitative Approaches: Casual Comparative, Correlational, Single Case, and Survey Research Causal Comparative and Correlational Research Questions for Critically Analyzing Causal Comparative and Correlational Research Questions for Critically Anaylzing Single-Case Designs Survey Research Questions for Critically Analyzing Survey Research Questions and Activities for Application and Discussion 6. Qualitative Methods Definition and Characteristics of Qualitative Methods Importance of Qualitative Methods in Special Education Research Philosophical Assumptions and Methodological Implications in Special Education Research Qualitative Methods and Data Collection Strategies Critically Analyzing Qualitative Research Questions for Critically Analyzing Qualitative Research Questions and Activities for Application and Discussion 7. Mixed Methods and Mixed Model Designs Definitions and Characteristics Questions and Activities for Application and Discussion 8. Identification and Selection of Research Participants Population and Sample Definition Designing and Selecting Samples Generalizability, External Validity, and Transferability Ethics and Confidentiality Questions for Critically Analyzing Sample Design and Implementation Questions and Activities for Application and Discussion 9. Information Collection The Purpose of Information Collection Technical Adequacy of Data Collection Instruments Selecting and Using a Measurement Device Questions for Critically Analyzing Information Collection Strategies and Instruments Questions and Activities for Application and Discussion 10. Data Analysis, Interpretation, and Use Quantitative Data Anaylsis Challenges in Analysis and Interpretation Responses to Analysis and Interpretation Challenges Qualitative Data Analysis and Interpretation Reporting Research Beyond Reporting: Using Research Results Questions for Critically Analyzing Data Analysis and Interpretation Questions and Activities for Discussion and Application Appendices 1. Federal Definitions for Individuals with Disabilities 2. Data Sources from Extant Data Bases 3. Definitions of Statistical Terms 4. Funding Resources 5. Proposal Outline References Index

"In an era when government policy emphasizes 'scientifically based research' (No Child Left Behind), this book provides an important resource in understanding what this means." -- Diane Browder, Snyder Distinguished Professor of Special Education "This is a superb book. I learned by reading it, and I found myself rethinking some of my own thinking about research on individuals with disabilities." -- James E. Ysseldyke, Professor "The authors have set for themselves a challenging task--to enable readers to design, conduct, report, and understand research in a way that transforms (when appropriate) the delivery of special education. What is even more amazing is it appears they have developed a guide that makes this task a reality." -- CHOICE, June 2004