The Pervasiveness of Assumptions about Human Nature The Historical Background of Assumptions about Human Nature Conceptualizing Philosophies of Human Nature Measurement of Philosophies of Human Nature Group Differences Relationship of Philosophies of Human Nature to Attitude, Personality, and Aptitude Variables Relationship of Philosophies of Human Nature to Behavior Determinants of Philosophies of Human Nature The Zeitgeist and Philosophies of Human Nature, or Where Did All the Idealistic, Imperturbable Freshmen Go? Philosophies of Human Nature - How Much Change is Possible? A Time for Taking Stock