How can social studies teachers include critical civic and historical content when topics like slavery and the civil rights era are deemed too "controversial" for the classroom? This book provides a powerful, research-based framework for navigating the political and social pressures of the modern classroom. The authors argue that social studies education must center on negotiating the justice-related tensions inherent in a democracy. By framing these tensions as dilemmas for reflection rather than problems to solve, this book provides a springboard for justice-oriented social studies practices that align with the NCSS C3 Framework. Offering indispensable guidance for both pre- and inservice teachers, the text features case studies of elementary and secondary educators addressing complex topics such as immigration, racial segregation and racism, queer equality, and the Israel-Palestine conflict. Readers will learn about the intricacies of justice-based social studies and develop the reflective habits needed to enact and sustain such practices throughout their careers. Book Features: Research-Based Framework: Provides a structured approach to critical social studies and the specific tensions that arise in justice-oriented classrooms. Practical Case Studies: Includes narratives of teachers managing disturbing parts of history and current events, from settler colonialism to modern policy debates. Reflective Guidance: Offers reflection questions designed to help educators envision and build a more just and democratic world with their students. Activist Thinking: Advocates for an inquiry-based approach to history, civics, and the social sciences that encourages students to make change in their communities. Professional Alignment: Directly supports the development of transformative citizenship and reflective practice as outlined by leading educational organizations.