Even when there is no direct contact, artists and writers develop comparable techniques for coping with problems specific to their time. This book explores the relationships between modernist artists and writers, and their responses to the immediate challenges of their time, to the implications of Freudian psychology, to molecular theory, to relativist theory, and to the general weakening of religious faith. Placing the literary works of writers such as T.S. Eliot, Virginia Woolf, James Joyce and Ernest Hemingway within the context of changes in the visual arts, the author seeks to expand our understanding of literature and to identify the cultural shifts that generated stylistic innovations within the visual arts.