Survivors of the Holocaust accounted for half of the wave of immigration into Israel in the aftermath of World War II. This study of the social integration of Holocaust survivors into post-war society draws on sources such as archive material, letters, newspapers, internal army magazines and personal interviews to examine, from all sides, the charged encounters between Holocaust survivors and the established Jewish population in Israel. It details the role which the new immigrants played in the War of Independence, their settlement of towns and villages abandoned by Arabs during that war, and the ways in which Israeli society did, and often did not, accept them into the armed forces, the kibbutz movements and the trade unions.