In "Haunted Media" Jeffrey Sconce examines American culture's persistent association of new electronic media - from the invention of the telegraph to the introduction of television and computers - with paranormal or spiritual phenomena. By offering an historical analysis of the relation between communication technologies, discourse of modernity and metaphysical preoccupations, Sconce demonstrates how accounts of "electronic presence" have gradually changed over the decades from a fascination with the boundaries of space and time to a more generalized anxiety over the seeming sovereignty of technology. Sconce focuses on five important cultural moments in the history of telecommunications from the mid-19th century to the present: the advent of telegraphy; the arrival of wireless communication; radio's transformation into network broadcasting; the introduction of television; and contemporary debates over computers, cyberspace and virtual reality. In the process of examining the trajectory of these technological innovations, he discusses topics such as the rise of spiritualism as a utopian response to the electronic powers presented by telegraphy and how radio, in the 20th century, came to be regarded as a way of connecting to a more atomized vision of the afterlife. Sconce also considers how an early preoccupation with extraterrestrial radio communications transformd during the network era into more unsettling fantasies of meditated annihilation, culminating with Orson Welles's legendary broadcast of "War of the Worlds". Likewise, in his exploration of the early years of television, Sconce describes how programmes such as "The Twilight Zone" and "The Outer Limits" continued to feed the fantastical and increasingly paranoid public imagination of electronic media. Finally, Sconce discusses the rise of postmodern media criticism as yet another occult fiction of electronic presence, a mythology that continues to dominate contemporary debates over television, cyberspace, virtual reality and the Internet. As an engaging cultural history of telecommunications, "Haunted Media" should interest a wide range of readers including students and scholars of media, history, American studies, cultural studies and literary and social theory.
