Introduction Entitlements: Options for Reforming the Social Safety Net in the United States - Robert A. Moffitt and James P. Ziliak Social Insurance Fixing Social Security: Major Reform or Minor Repairs? - Gary Burtless Economic Principles for Medicare Reform - Amitabh Chandra and Craig Garthwaite Identifying Work Capacity and Promoting Work: A Strategy for Modernizing the SSDI Program - Nicole Maestas Unemployment Insurance Reform - Till von Wachter Means-Tested Transfer Programs Medicaid: What Does it Do and Can We Do It Better? - Janet Currie and Valentina Duque The Earned Income Tax Credit - Hilary Hoynes Exploring Options to Improve the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) - Diane Whitmore Schanzenbach When One Size Does Not Fit All: Modernizing the Supplemental Security Income Program - Mary C. Daly and Mark Duggan Reforming Housing Assistance - Rob Collinson, Ingrid Gould Ellen, and Jens Ludwig The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families Program: Time for Improvements - Ron Haskins and Matt Weidinger Child Care and Child Care Policy: Existing Policies, Their Effects, and Reforms - V. Joseph Hotz and Matthew Wiswall Reflections Work, Family, and Community: A Framework for Fighting Poverty - Angela Rachidi and Robert Doar The Economic Context for Reforming the Safety Net - Karen Dynan