Group Dynamics for Teams

Daniel Levi is a retired professor in the Psychology and Child Development Department at Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo, California. He holds an MA and a PhD in environmental psychology from the University of Arizona. He has taught classes in teamwork, environmental psychology, and organizational psychology. His teamwork class was designed primarily for engineering and business students. He has conducted research and worked as a consultant with factory and engineering teams for a variety of technology companies. In addition, he has worked on international team research projects in Europe and Asia. Dr. Levis research and consulting with factory teams primarily focused on the use of teams to support technological change and the adoption of just-in-time and quality programs. This work examined a variety of team issues, including job redesign, training, compensation, supervision, and change management approaches. His work with professional teams primarily was focused on engineering design teams. These projects examined the use of concurrent engineering, self-management, and the globalization of teams. The topics of this work included the impact of information technology on teams, facilitation and training needs for professional teams, and the impacts of organizational culture and leadership. Early work on the book was sponsored by an engineering education grant from NASA. This project focused on the development of teamwork skills in engineering students working on multidisciplinary projects. It led to the development of cases and activities for learning teamwork skills and research on teamwork training and evaluating and rewarding student teams. Additional research on student teams examined gender and cross-cultural issues, social support within teams, and bullying and hijacking in student teams. David A. Askay is a professor in the Communications Studies Department and faculty fellow in the Center for Innovation and Entrepreneurship at Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo. He earned an interdisciplinary PhD in organizational science from the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. His teaching focuses on small group communication, organizational communication, and innovation. Dr. Askays research examines communication, technology, and teamwork. His recent projects include exploring group decision-making with artificial intelligence, investigating the socialization of online gig workers, and studying the reception of public health information generated by digital avatars. He was awarded an STTR grant to collaborate with the U.S. Air Force and Unanimous AI on improving teamwork using an artificial intelligence platform. Additionally, Dr. Askay helps coordinate an annual interdisciplinary hackathon, bringing together teams of students to develop innovative solutions to local challenges.

New to This Edition Acknowledgments About the Authors Introduction Part I: Foundations of Teamwork Chapter 1: Understanding Teams 1.1 Why Groups and Teams Matter 1.2 Defining Groups 1.3 Defining Teams 1.4 Why Organizations Use Teams 1.5 Purposes and Types of Teams 1.6 History of Teams and Group Dynamics Summary Discussion Questions 1 Team Leadership Challenge 1 Survey: Attitudes Toward Teamwork Activity: Working in Teams Chapter 2: Building Team Success 2.1 Components of Team Success 2.2 Inputs: Conditions for Team Success 2.3 Teamwork Processes and Emergent States 2.4 Outputs: Defining Team Success 2.5 The IMOI Model of Teamwork 2.6 Using Teams in the Workplace Summary Discussion Questions 2 Team Leadership Challenge 2 Activity: Understanding Team Success Chapter 3: Navigating the Teams Lifecycle 3.1 Models of Group Development 3.2 Group Socialization 3.3 Coordinating Structures: Goals, Roles, and Norms 3.5 Application: Jump-Starting Project Teams Summary Discussion Questions 3 Team Leadership Challenge 3 Activity: Observing Team Development Activity: Developing a Team Charter Part II: Dynamics Of Teamwork Chapter 4: Affective, Motivational, and Cognitive Dynamics 4.1 The Dynamic Nature of Emergent States 4.2 Affective Dynamics 4.3 Motivational Dynamics 4.4 Cognitive Dynamics 4.5 Adapting to Changing Dynamics Summary Discussion Questions 4 Team Leadership Challenge 4 Activity: Tracking Team Dynamics Chapter 5: Cooperation and Competition 5.1 Cooperation and Competition 5.2 Divers of Cooperation and Competition 5.3 Strategies for Managing Cooperation and Competition Summary Discussion Questions 5 Team Leadership Challenge 5 Survey: Cooperative, Competitive, or Individualistic Orientation Activity: Understanding Competitive Versus Cooperative Goals Chapter 6: Team Communication 6.1 Communication in Teams 6.2 Effective Communication Practices 6.3 Managing Emotions 6.4 Facilitating Team Meetings Summary Discussion Questions 6 Team Leadership Challenge 6 Survey: Team Emotional Intelligence Activity: Observing Communication Patterns in a Team Part III: Challenges And Growth in Teams Chapter 7: Managing Conflict 7.1 The Nature of Conflict 7.2 Types of Conflict 7.3 Conflict Management Styles 7.4 Situational Factors Shaping Conflict 7.5 Engaging in Conflict 7.6 Principled Negotiation Summary Discussion Questions 7 Team Leadership Challenge 7 Survey: Conflict Management Styles Activity: Observing Conflict Management Styles Chapter 8: Social Influence and Power 8.1 Understanding Social Influence and Power 8.2 Social Influence 8.3 Types of Power and Influence Tactics 8.3 Power Dynamics and Imbalance 8.4 Responses to Power and Influence 8.5 Empowerment 8.6 Application: Communicating Assertively Summary Discussion Questions 8 Team Leadership Challenge 8 Activity: Using Power Styles-Passive, Aggressive, and Assertive Chapter 9: Decision Making 9.1 Decision Making in Teams 9.2 Deciding How to Decide: Evaluating Decision-Making Approaches 9.3 Individual Decision Making 9.4 Group Decision Making 9.5 Crowd Platforms and Artificial Intelligence Summary Discussion Questions 9 Team Leadership Challenge 9 Activity: Making Consensus Decisions Activity: Using AI to Augment Group Decision Making Chapter 10: Leadership and Followership 10.1 Defining Leadership 10.2 Leadership Emergence 10.3 Models of Effective Leadership 10.4 Team Leadership 10.5 Followership Summary Discussion Questions 10 Team Leadership Challenge 10 Survey: Leadership Styles Activity: Exploring Leadership Perceptions Chapter 11: Problem Solving 11.1 Defining and Navigating Problems 11.2 Descriptive Approach: How Teams Typically Solve Problems 11.3 Rational Problem Solving: How Teams Should Solve Problems 11.4 Application: Constructing a Shared Mental Model Through Process Mapping Summary Discussion Questions 11 Team Leadership Challenge 11 Activity: Using Problem-Solving Techniques Chapter 12: Creativity, Innovation, and Design Thinking 12.1 The Process of Creativity and Innovation 12.2 Promoting Team Creativity and Innovation 12.3 Overview of Design Thinking 12.4 The Design Thinking Process Summary Discussion Questions 12 Team Leadership Challenge 12 Activity: Redesigning the Office Hours Experience Using Design Thinking Chapter 13: Diversity and Inclusion 13.1 The Importance of Diversity 13.2 Difference and Diversity 13.3 Information Processing: The Promise of Cognitive Diversity 13.4 Social Categorization Processes 13.4 Supporting Diversity and Inclusion Summary Discussion Questions 13 Team Leadership Challenge 13 Survey: Work Group Inclusion Activity: Exploring Cognitive Diversity and Information Elaboration Part IV: Organizational Context of Teams Chapter 14: Team, Organizational, and National Culture 14.1 What Is Culture? 14.2 Team Culture 14.3 Organizational Culture 14.4 National Culture 14.5 Multinational Teamwork Summary Discussion Questions 14 Team Leadership Challenge 14 Activity: Developing Your Team Culture Activity: Evaluating Cross-Cultural Dynamics in American Factory Chapter 15: Virtuality and Teamwork 15.1 Virtuality and Virtual Teams 15.2 Using Collaboration Technologies 15.3 Distance 15.4 Managing Virtual and Hybrid Teams Summary Discussion Questions 15 Team Leadership Challenge 15 Activity: Developing Norms for Virtual Teams Activity: Navigating Communication Challenges in Virtual Teamwork Chapter 16: Evaluating and Rewarding Team Performance 16.1 Performance and Performance Management 16.2 Planning Performance 16.3 Monitoring Performance 16.4 Reviewing Performance 16.5 Rewarding Performance 16.5 Improving Performance Management Systems Summary Discussion Questions 16 Team Leadership Challenge 16 Survey: Individual Versus Team Rewards Activity: Evaluating and Rewarding a Project Team Activity: Team Halo Effect Chapter 17: Team Development Interventions 17.1 Defining Team Development Interventions 17.2 Team Building 17.3 Designing Team Training Programs 17.4 Specialized Types of Training Summary Discussion Questions 17 Team Leadership Challenge 17 Activity: Conducting a Needs Analysis Activity: Team Building Facilitation Appendix: Guide to Student Team Projects References Index