Surfacing Brilliance Through Meaningful Science Assessment

Aneesha Badrinarayan is an education policy consultant at Education First, where she supports states and districts in developing meaningful teaching, learning, and assessment systems across content areas and strategies. Prior to joining Education First, Aneesha led assessment initiatives and strategy at the Learning Policy Institute and Achieve. She is a national expert on instructionally relevant assessment systems, high-quality assessments, and science teaching, learning, and assessment. Over the last 20 years, Aneesha has led work related to high-quality instructional materials, assessment system development from classroom assessments to state assessments to NAEP, and professional learning. Trained as a behavioral neuroscientist, Aneesha comes to education policy via informal science education and bench science. She received her B.A. in Biology from Cornell University and her M.S. in neuroscience from the University of Michigan. Aneesha lives in Maryland with her husband Dan and their fabulous toddler Rishi. When she isn't playing the role of science assessment superhero, you can find her alter ego with her nose in a romance novel, her hands whisking something in the kitchen, and the rest of her body otherwise occupied with slowly transforming her house into a toddler play place (who needs a dining room, really?)

Acknowledgments About the Author Author's Note PART 1: UNDERSTANDING SCIENCE STANDARDS IN FUTURE-FOCUSED WAYS Introduction: Setting the Stage A Quick Primer on the Next Generation Science Standards Grounding Principles and Needed Shifts in Science Assessment This Is Not Your Typical Science Assessment Book Overview of This Book Language Use in This Book CHAPTER 1: Future-Focused Science Assessments: Interpreting the NGSS and Similar Standards for Meaningful Assessments in a Rapidly Evolving World Understanding Our Foundation: Current Features of High-Quality Science Assessments Landscape Shift 1: Local and Cultural Relevance and Personalization Landscape Shift 2: Competencies and Durable Skills Landscape Shift 3: Technology and Its Impact on Teaching, Learning, and Assessment in Science Future-Focused Science Assessment: Evolution Chapter Summary Reflection Questions PART 2: FOUR PRIORITIES FOR SURFACING SCIENCE THINKING IN TRUSTWORTHY AND USEFUL WAYS CHAPTER 2: Priority 1: Sensemaking Defining Sensemaking in Assessment Why Is Sensemaking So Important? What Leads to Sensemaking in Assessment Tasks Pathways to Sensemaking: Phenomena, Problematizing, and Prompts Choosing a Phenomenon to Drive Sensemaking Problematizing a Phenomenon to Surface Sensemaking Crafting Prompts to Elicit Sensemaking Scaffolding Sensemaking in Assessment Tasks Deep Dive Into Choosing Meaningful Phenomena: Right-Sizing Phenomena and Problems to a Given Assessment Task Using Phenomena to Understand Transfer and Generalizability of Science Learning Caution: Ensuring Transfer Doesn't Become a Pass for Discrimination and Inequity Chapter Summary Reflection Questions CHAPTER 3: Priority 2: Relevance Making Assessment Tasks Relevant-Not Just Interesting-to Learners and Their Communities Using Culture as a Concrete Path to Relevance in Science Assessments Understanding Our Students: An Example Attending to Culture and Relevance at the Scale of Many Students Windows and Mirrors: A Strategy for Approaching Relevance at Scale Features of Culturally Conscious Assessments Motivation and Affect: Reimagining One of Assessment's Cardinal Rules Chapter Summary Reflection Questions CHAPTER 4: Priority 3: Assets Looking for Assets in Student Sensemaking Key Features of Asset-Based Assessment Practices in Science Moving Beyond Misconceptions: Reframing Our Orientation to Wrong and Incomplete Answers Implications of Asset-Based Approaches for Assessment Tasks and Data Dashboards Habits and Beliefs of Asset-Based Assessors Celebrating Assets of Students Who Think Differently Than We Do Chapter Summary Reflection Questions CHAPTER 5: Priority 4: Opportunity and Experience The Relationship Between Opportunity, Experience, and Performance Making the Right Information Available Impact on Students A Window Into Practices and Durable Skills What Experiences Should We Measure? Turning Experience Information Into Insights About Opportunity to Learn That Influence Our Interpretations of Student Performance and Next Steps in Instruction Using Opportunity and Experience Data to Foster New Conversations With Parents Chapter Summary Reflection Questions PART 3: PUTTING THE PRIORITIES TO WORK CHAPTER 6: Choosing and Designing Assessments That Center the Four Priorities Reviewing Tasks: Criteria Reviewing Tasks: Process Some Tips to Help Quick Task Evaluation Developing Assessments That Are Designed for the Science Standards in Ways That Center the Four Priorities Step 1: Understand and Define Your Assessment Targets Within a Future-Focused Framework Step 2: Unpack Standards and Other Learning Goals With Learners' Culture, Interests, and Identities in Mind Step 3: Write Claims for Your Assessment That Synthesize Your Focal DCIs, SEPs, CCCs, and Durable Skills Into a Statement About Student Learning Step 4: Choose a Phenomenon or Problem That Centers Specific Communities, Interests, and Reasons for Engaging Step 5: Create a Problematized Scenario Based on the Phenomenon Step 6: Develop Complete Student Explanations or Models That Specifically Account for How Different Perspectives and Ideas Can Be Valued in Complete Responses Step 7: Develop Prompts That Elicit Sensemaking With Multiple Dimensions and Lived Experiences Step 8: Develop Asset-Oriented Interpretation Guidance for Student Responses Step 9: Invite Feedback and Review From Those Closest to Students You Are Least Connected To Step 10: Pilot and Revise, Focusing on Learners at the Margins Chapter Summary Reflection Questions CHAPTER 7: Using Generative AI in Responsible Ways to Support Science Assessment Design and Use Defining Terms Understanding the Current State of Generative AI in Science Assessment Ways Generative AI Might Support Science Assessment Approaching AI as a "Collaborator" in Science Assessment Activities A Use-Case: AI in Science Assessment Review Guiding Principles for Using Generative AI in Science Assessment Processes (AKA Aneesha's Laws of Assessment Machines) Supporting Social Sensemaking Some Final Caveats Chapter Summary Reflection Questions CHAPTER 8: Epilogue: An Invitation to Imagine References Index

Surfacing Brilliance Through Meaningful Science Assessment is the assessment guide we've been waiting for. Aneesha Badrinarayan offers a clear, compassionate, and visionary roadmap for designing assessments that affirm student brilliance, honor cultural assets, and spark real sensemaking. Grounded in both research and practice, this book translates equity into action-making it an essential companion for educators, leaders, and developers who believe science learning should be rigorous, relevant, and relentlessly student-centered. -- Linda Darling-Hammond * Stanford, CA * This book is grounded in 'the fierce belief that all students are capable of brilliance.' Badrinarayan's passion, expertise, and humility shine through her writing. She expertly balances providing practical strategies for assessment design and carefully crafted opportunities for deep personal reflection. Her thoughtful approach to assessment inspires educators to see and nurture the potential in every learner. -- Tricia Shelton * McLean, VA * This book is an essential resource for anyone involved in designing science assessments. It presents a clear, accessible approach that makes complex concepts easy to understand and apply. Unlike other resources, it bridges the gap between theory and practice, offering valuable insights and practical strategies for realizing a better future for students through improved assessment practices. A must-read for science educators and designers. -- Daniel Alcazar-Roman * Belmont, CA * Rooted in how we learn, Badrinarayan masterfully weaves together research, practical tips, classroom scenarios, design examples and non-examples in a book that is sure to become a foundational text for assessment developers, teachers, and anyone interested in creating meaningful learning experiences. Anchored in science, Badrinarayan's advice will engage, push, and excite anyone working to understand and build upon student's brilliance. -- Sasha Klyachkina * Chicago, IL * After years of wrestling with science assessments, this book is the one-stop shop we've all been waiting for. Whether you're designing tests, analyzing data, or looking to make assessments more equitable and engaging, this book covers it all. Packed with actionable insights, real-world examples, and practical tools, it's the ultimate guide to transforming every aspect of classroom science assessments. If you're serious about improving science education, start here! -- TJ Heck * Durand, MI * Badrinarayan is somehow both visionary and practical in ways that will challenge the reader and help them to advance their practice forward. This book will serve as an anchor point as we claw our way forward toward better teaching and learning experiences for all students. -- Matt Krehbiel * Derwood, MD * Surfacing Brilliance Through Meaningful Science Assessment is Aneesha Badrinarayan's "love letter to science assessment," and it is a refreshing and insightful read. Based on her two decades of expertise, she proves science assessment can be meaningful for students and approachable for educators. Her book will help science educators better understand assessment systems for the Next Generation Science Standards, including innovative uses of GenAI, and put this knowledge into practice. -- OkHee Lee * New York, NY * Given contemporary expectations for students' science achievement, no one has thought more deeply about science assessment design and use than Badrinarayan. She elevates the discussion by emphasizing the role of assessment in surfacing student brilliance. She details what that implies and the many challenges that need to be overcome to attain that vision, while simultaneously providing examples of tasks and design principles to advance the effort. -- James W. Pellegrino * Chicago, IL * This book is designed to impact how we surface brilliance in our students, and I think at the same time it helps surface brilliance in its readers, making it both immediately useful and something educators will come back to again and again to spur important conversations about what science assessment can and should be now and into the future. -- Katie Van Horne * Lynnwood, WA * This book shows what high-quality three-dimensional science assessment can and should be. In doing so, it sets the standard for all future development efforts. It summarizes, synthesizes, and builds on the varied efforts in the field, including the authors' own pioneering work. This book is a must read. -- Nathan Dadey * Dover, NH * Badrinarayan is fierce in her belief in all students. This is a must-read for anyone interested in unlocking the transformative power of assessment. With her engaging tone, timely ideas, and relevant examples, Badrinarayan's contributions transcend science. This is a much-needed guidebook for addressing the enduring challenge of re-imagining assessment to better serve learners. The future is bright! -- Susan Lyons * Wayland, MA *