African American Families

Angela J. Hattery,is Professorof the Women & Gender Studiesand co-Director of the Center for the Study and Prevention of Gender Based Violence at theUniversityof Delaware.She received her BA in sociology and anthropology fromCarleton College andhermasters and Ph.D. in sociology from the University of Wisconsin-Madison.She is the author of 12books.Hermost recent,Way Down intheHole: Race, Intimacy and the Reproduction of RacialIdeologies in Solitary Confinement explores the ways in which racial antagonisms are exacerbated by theparticularstructures of solitaryconfinement.She is also the author ofPolicing Black Bodies: How Black Livesare Surveilled and How to Work forChange(2022)andGender, Power and Violence: Responding to Sexual and Intimate PartnerViolence in Society Today.Prior to coming to UD sheheld positions at Ball State University, Wake Forest University, Colgate University, and most recently at George Mason University. Earl Smith, PhD, is Emeritus Distinguished Professor of American Ethnic Studies and Sociology at Wake Forest University, and is currently teaching classes in Sociology, African and African American Studies, and Women & Gender Studies at the University of Delaware. Dr. Smith earned his Ph.D. at the University of Connecticut. His teaching and research focus on the sociology of sport, social stratification, and the intersection of race and the criminal justice system. He is the author of 12 books, including his most recent book, Way Down in the Hole: Race, Intimacy and the Reproduction of Racial Ideologies in Solitary Confinement (2021). The book is based on three summers of ethnographic research in a large state penitentiary system. Methodologically, we conducted over 100 face-to-face interviews with inmates and correctional officers. His other books include Policing Black Bodies: How Black Lives are Surveilled and How to Work for Change (2022) and Gender, Power and Violence: Responding to Sexual and Intimate Partner Violence in Society Today and Race, Sport and the American Dream (2014).

Preface 1. African American Families: A Brief Introduction Objectives Introduction What We Hope to Accomplish The Question of Social Class Data Sources Organization of the Book Notes 2. African American Civil Society: Issues, Approaches, Demography, and Theory Objectives Introduction Definitions Race as a Social Construct African American Families Structural Versus Individual Explanations African American Families: A Profile Theoretical Approaches to Studying African American Families Data and Methods Notes 3. Family Formation, Marriage Rates, and Cohabitation Objectives Introduction Factors That Affect Family Form Functions and Purposes of Marriage Marriage Patterns The Marriage Gap In Their Own Words Race, Class, and Gender Analysis Summary: Outcomes of the Low Marriage Rate Solutions Notes 4. Childbearing and Childrearing Patterns Objectives Introduction Childbearing Patterns Nonmarital Births Race, Class, and Gender Paradigm Conclusions Solutions Notes 5. Intimate Partner Violence Objectives Introduction Definitions The Problem The Family Violence Approach The Feminist Paradigm Race, Class, and Gender Approach to Studying IPV The Dirty Little Secret: IPV in the African American Community African American Women as Victims/Survivors of IPV: Statistics/Rates Men and Masculinity Race, Class, and Gender Paradigm Solutions Notes 6. HIV and Other Social and Health Issues Objectives Introduction The State of Health and Well-Being in African American Civil Society Racial Disparities in Chronic Diseases Racial Disparities in HIV/AIDS Leading Causes of Death Infant Mortality Outcomes of Poor Health: Premature Death Causes of Poor Health and Death Environmental Injustice The Politics of Health Care The Genetics (and Politics) of Race/Ethnicity and Health Race, Class and Gender Paradigm Solutions Notes 7. Access to Opportunity: Educational Attainment and Occupational Segregation Objectives Introduction A Brief History of Race and Education Educational Attainment Access to Education: Legacy The Economy Race, Class, and Gender: African American Women's History of Work Occupations and Work Occupational Segregation: The Impact of Race and Gender Causes of Occupational Segregation Outcomes of Occupational Segregation Financial Outcomes: Lower Earnings Race, Class, and Gender Paradigm Solutions Notes 8. Welfare and Wealth Objectives Introduction Income Versus Wealth Income and Income Disparities Wealth and Wealth Disparities Wealth Disparities and Access to the American Dream? Housing A Clear Illustration: Hurricane Katrina Poverty Welfare Welfare Reform Stereotypes About Welfare and Poverty Welfare Versus Work Welfare Reform and Family Values Welfare Reform and Incarceration, or African American Mothers Are Crackheads Race, Class, and Gender Analysis Solutions Notes 9. African American Males and the Incarceration Problem: Not Just Confined to Prison Objectives Introduction Definitions Prisons as Total Institutions The Growth of Prisons: Institutions and Population The Purpose of Prison: Rehabilitation or a Tool of Capitalism? The Demographics of the Prison Population: Race and Gender Explaining Racial Disparities in Incarceration The Effects of Incarceration on the Lives of Young African American Men Felony Disenfranchisement Other Bans-Social Services Race, Class, and Gender Paradigm Solutions Notes 10. Conclusion: Solutions to a Longstanding Problem: Race, Class, and Patriarchy in the 21st Century Summary and Review of the Primary Themes Degrees of Separation A Snapshot of the African American Family The Struggles The Causes Bans Family Form The Relationship Between Structural Forces and Individual Choices What Is To Be Done? Structural Forces: Race, Class, and Gender Final Thoughts Notes Appendices References About the Authors Index