Ethnography 4/e

David M. Fetterman is the President and CEO of Fetterman & Associates, an international ethnographic and evaluation consultation firm. He works in a wide range of settings, ranging from townships in South Africa to Google in Silicon Valley. Clients and sponsors include: the U.S. Department of Education, W. K. Kellogg Foundation, Hewlett Foundation, Hewlett Packard Philanthropy, John S. and James L. Knight Foundation, and Arkansas Department of Education. David has also provided consultation services for the: Ministry of Education in Japan, Ministry of Health in Brazil, Ministry of Health in Ethiopia, and Te Puni Kokiri (Ministry of Maori Development) in New Zealand. He concurrently serves as a member of the faculty at Pacifica Graduate Institute and the University of Charleston. Dr. Fetterman has over 25 years of experience at Stanford University. He was a Consulting Professor of Education in the School of Education and the Director of Evaluation in the School of Medicine at Stanford University. Formerly, he served as a Professor and Research Director at the California Institute of Integral Studies, Principal Research Scientist at the American Institutes for Research, and a Senior Associate and Project Director at RMC Research Corporation. He received his PhD from Stanford University in educational and medical anthropology. David is a past-president of the American Anthropological Association's Council on Anthropology and Education and the American Evaluation Association. He is a Fellow of the American Anthropological Association and the Society for Applied Anthropology. David received the Top Anthropologist of the Year 2019 Award; George and Louise Spindler Award, for outstanding contributions to educational anthropology; and the Ethnographic Evaluation Award. He also received the Paul Lazarsfeld Award for Outstanding Contributions to Evaluation Theory and the Myrdal Award for Cumulative Contributions to Evaluation Practice-the American Evaluation Association's highest honors. Fetterman has contributed to a variety of encyclopedias and is the author of Ethnography: Step by Step; Excellence and Equality: A Qualitatively Different Perspective on Gifted and Talented Education; and Empowerment Evaluation in the Digital Villages: Hewlett-Packard's $15 Million Race Toward Social Justice. Dr. Fetterman is the editor of: Ethnography in Educational Evaluation; Educational Evaluation: Ethnography in Theory, Practice, and Politics; Speaking the Language of Power: Communication, Collaboration, and Advocacy (translating ethnography into action); Qualitative Approaches to Evaluation in Education: The Silent Scientific Revolution; Empowerment Evaluation: Knowledge and Tools for Self-assessment, Evaluation Capacity Building, and Accountability; Empowerment Evaluation Principles in Practice; and Foundations of Empowerment. (Details of the projects are available at http://www.drdavidfetterman.com.).

Appreciations to . . . Preface Acknowledgments About the Author Chapter 1: An Overview: The First Step Overview The Problem Basic or Applied Role Theory Research Design: Fieldwork Formal Analysis The Ethnography Book Organization Chapter 2: Anthropological Concepts: Walking in Rhythm Culture Holistic Perspective Contextualization Emic Perspective and Multiple Realities Etic Perspective Nonjudgmental Orientation Inter- and Intracultural Diversity Structure and Function Symbol and Ritual Micro- or Macrolevel Study Reflexivity Operationalism Chapter 3: Methods and Techniques: A Wilderness Guide Fieldwork Selection and Sampling Entry Participant Observation Interviewing Lists and Forms Questionnaires Projective Techniques Additional Eliciting Devices Unobtrusive Measures Chapter 4: Ethnographic Equipment: Gearing Up Pen and Paper Digital Voice Recorders Smart Phones Web Mapping Services Tablets Computers Database Software Cameras Video Camera Cinema Internet Chapter 5: Analysis: Finding Your Way Through the Forest Thinking Triangulation Patterns Key Events Maps Flowcharts Organizational Charts Matrices Content Analysis Statistics Crystallization Chapter 6: Writing: Recording the Miracle Research Proposals Field Notes Field Note Organization Memoranda Interim Reports Final Reports, Blogs, Data Visualizations, Articles, and Books Thick Description and Verbatim Quotations Ethnographic Present Ethnographic Presence Ethnographically Informed Reports Literature Revising and Editing Chapter 7: Ethics: Walking Softly Through the Wilderness Historical Context The Ethnographer's Role Academic and Applied Ethnography Research Life Cycle Conclusion Appendix: Organization of Field Notes References Index

This is an excellent resource to help students understand ethnography research. The author has painstakingly put together a body of work that is remarkable. It was definitely an enjoyable book for me to read, and I hope others feel the same. -- Ahmed Al-Asfour * review * Fetterman's text continues to be one of the most definitive guides to the ethnographic method. Comprehensive in scope and accessible in tone, it offers newcomers to this vivid approach an authoritative introduction, and to seasoned researchers a reminder of the wealth of possibilities ethnography can entail. Highly recommended. -- Peter Vlachos * Review * Dr. Fetterman's Ethnography Step-by-Step, 4th edition is a valuable tool for not only the experienced ethnographer, but will be of tremendous help to a doctoral student doing an ethnographic study for their dissertation/thesis. The author does an excellent job of taking the reader through the entire ethnographic process, including the use of the latest technology tools used in research. -- Dale Crowe * Review * This book offers a great blend of the old and the new. The old is a lucid and engaging exploration of what ethnography offers those of us who revel in the fascinating journey with the nuances of life, while the new is the seemingly never-ending quest to discover how we can use technology to appreciate the journey even more. -- James Bernauer * Review *