Preface Acknowledgements Introduction Chapter One: The Deteriorating Curriculum in American High Schools Chapter Two: What Policy Makers, Educators, and Education Researchers Have Examined Chapter Three: Teachers of Minority Students in 1966 Chapter Four: Non-School Factors Influencing Low Achievement Chapter Five: What Non-Education Researchers Have Explored Since 1966 Chapter Six: Why Philanthropists Have Wasted Money on Low-Achieving Schools Chapter Seven: Why We Don't Learn from Failed OR Effective Policies Chapter Eight: Public Deception Chapter Nine: Gap-Closing as an Educational Goal Chapter Ten: How to Begin Altering the Roots of Low Achievement About the Author