Comparative, International, and Global Justice

Cyndi Banks is Associate Vice President of Student Success at Capilano University in Canada. She spent 16 years as a professor of criminology and criminal justice and Dean of University College at Northern Arizona University. She has more than 24 years' experience of research and project implementation in developing countries in the fields of juvenile justice, probation, justice policy, and child rights. She has worked as a criminologist in Papua New Guinea, Bangladesh, Iraq, Kurdistan, Timor Leste, Sudan, and Myanmar. She is the author of numerous articles and books, including Criminal Justice Ethics; Youth, Crime and Justice; Developing Cultural Criminology: Theory and Practice in Papua New Guinea; Alaska Native Juveniles in Detention; Comparative, International, and Global Justice: Perspectives From Criminology and Criminal Justice; and most recently, Prisons in the United States. James Baker is a British lawyer now resident in the United States. He holds an LL.M. from London University with a specialization in law and development and has 30 years of experience working as a lawyer and researching rule of law and access to justice issues in Papua New Guinea, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Iraq, Malawi, Sierra Leone, Fiji, and Timor Leste.

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION Terminology Why Study Global Justice Issues? Globalization New International Crimes Overview of the Text CHAPTER 2: COMPARATIVE CRIMINAL JUSTICE: COMPARING CRIME ACROSS COUNTRIES Comparing Criminal Justice: Methodological Issues International Crime Data Countries with Low Crime Rates: Japan and Saudi Arabia What can be Learned from Comparing International Data? How does the U.S Compare Internationally? CHAPTER 3: SYSTEMS OF LAW: COMMON LAW, CIVIL LAW, SOCIALIST LAW, ISLAMIC LAW, INDIGENOUS LAW Common Law Systems Civil Law Systems The Role of Revolution and Governance in Shaping Law Socialist Legal Systems Islamic Law Systems Indigenous Legal Systems CHAPTER 4: POLICING Organizing Policing Civilian and Military Policing Models Colonial Policing Democratic Policing Case Studies of Policing: Russia and China Policing in Russia Policing in the People's Republic of China Transnational Policing and International Cooperation on Policing Policing Through Global Surveillance and the Management of Risk CHAPTER 5: COURTS AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Adversarial, Inquisitorial and Hybrid Systems of Criminal Justice Inquisitorial Procedure in France Reforming the Inquisitorial Model: Latin America Reforming the Inquisitorial Model: Russia and Eastern Europe Criminal Law and Procedure in China Prosecutors and the Prosecution Function CHAPTER 6: PUNISHMENT The Rationale for Punishment Punitive Punishment Capital Punishment Comparing Punishments Punishment in the West: Social, Historical and Cultural Background Colonial Punishment Regimes Criminal Punishment in Japan Criminal Punishment in China CHAPTER 7: JUVENILE JUSTICE Childhood, Criminal Responsibility and Juvenile Justice Systems Juvenile Justice Systems: Commonalities and Trends Juvenile Justice Systems: France, Japan and China France Japan People's Republic of China Globalizing Juvenile Justice Systems CHAPTER 8: TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE: JUSTICE, FORGIVENESS AND IMPUNITY International Crimes: Governments, Citizens and Violence The Origins and Growth of Transitional Justice Theorizing Transitional Justice Amnesty and Impunity, or Punishment? Seeking and Telling the Truth: Truth Commissions Reparations: Compensating for Abuses Lustration and Transforming State Security Case Studies in Transitional Justice: East Timor and Rwanda East Timor Rwanda Observations and Critiques: Transitional Justice CHAPTER 9: THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT International Criminal Law Creation of the International Criminal Court Statute of the International Criminal Court U.S. Opposition to the International Criminal Court Countering the ICC: U.S. Responses Changes in U.S Attitude to the ICC The International Criminal Court in Action Sudan and the ICC Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and the ICC The Prosecutor and the Office of the Prosecutor The International Criminal Court and Transitional Justice Victims and the International Criminal Court How Effective is the International Criminal Court? CHAPTER 10: TRANSNATIONAL CRIME Definitions and Explanations of the Concept of Transnational Crime The Growth of Transnational Crime Drug Trafficking Arms Trafficking Smuggling of Nuclear Materials Money Laundering Trading in Endangered Species Terrorism Financing Transnational Cybercrime Combating Transnational Crime Critiques of the Concept of Transnational Crime CHAPTER 11: HUMAN TRAFFICKING ACROSS BORDERS The International Legal Framework Prohibiting Human Trafficking and Providing for Victims of Trafficking "White Slavery" Sex Trafficking What Accounts for Human Trafficking? Scale of Human Trafficking Trafficking as a Transnational Criminal Enterprise Recruitment and Transportation of Trafficking Victims Obtaining Residence in the Receiving Country Controlling Victims of Trafficking Labor Trafficking Sex Tourism Organ Trafficking Trafficking of Minors Regional Trafficking: Asia Regional Trafficking: Eurasia and Eastern Europe Regional Trafficking: Europe Regional Trafficking: United States Regional Trafficking: Latin America and Africa Countering Human Trafficking CHAPTER 12: TERRORISM Explanations and Definitions of Terrorism Guerrilla Warfare and Terrorism State Terrorism The Evolution of Terrorism Religion, Violence and Terrorism International Law and Terrorism Counterterrorist Responses: United States, Germany and India United States Germany India Terrorist Groups Hamas Boko Haram CHAPTER 13: VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence: Definitions and Explanations Violence Against Women: International Action Women's Rights as Human Rights National Strategies to Combat Violence Against Women Dissemination and Diffusion of Global Norms on Violence Against Women Country Profiles: Domestic Violence Russian Federation Nicaragua Ghana Violence Against Women: Honor Crimes Violence Against Women: Armed Conflict CHAPTER 14: HUMAN RIGHTS AND CULTURAL RELATIVISM: FEMALE CIRCUMCISION AND CHILD SOLDIERS Female Circumcision The Cultural and Social Context of Female Circumcision Cultural Relativism and Female Circumcision Claims for Asylum Based on the Practice of Female Circumcision Changing the Practice of Female Circumcision: What Works? Child Soldiers Modern Forms of Warfare and Child Soldiers Questioning Childhood Girl Soldiers Coercion, Agency and Victims Internationalizing the Child Soldier: Victim and Perpetrator? Reintegrating and Restoring the Child Soldier

"There is no question that the book is very well researched and the authors have done an excellent job of bringing new insights and new perspectives to the topic." -- Robert M. Worley "Any analysis of global justice which moves from circumspection about traditions of comparative criminal justice and transnational criminology is to be much welcomed. Similarly to indicting the present era of globalisation as it destroys the prevailing global economic model, a cross-cultural analysis of crime and justice themes reveals that global justice as a hegemonic exercise. It need not be so. In fact the massive strains in global governance today highlight the urgent need to engage with a holistic understanding of global justice. Banks and Baker convincingly wrestle with the need to study global justice, providing a cogent overview of globalisation and its influences on criminal justice, criminology and emerging international criminalisation. The books scope and coverage is as vast as is its aspiration to provide synergies across contemporary and often competing conceptualisations of global justice, is commendable. For students approaching this confusing field of scholarship and policy development the book is an important new guide." -- Mark Findlay "With this volume, Cyndi Banks and James Baker add a well-organized and intelligently written text to the field of criminology and criminal justice education... Students have much to gain from this volume. Even those interested primarily in crime and criminal justice in the United States (or in any other country) will understand that the knowledge they acquire is inadequate if it neglects the global contexts in which crime and criminal justice are embedded." -- Joachim J. Savelsberg