Learning and Memory

Preface About the Author 1 History of Learning and Memory Learning Objectives Overview "Buddy O'Dell" Early Philosophical Approaches A Twentieth-Century Approach: Behaviorism Contemporary Approaches Themes in the Book Chapter Summary Review Questions Key Terms Further Resources References 2 Common Research Methods in Learning and Memory Learning Objectives Overview Common Features Issues of Quality Chapter Summary Review Questions Key Terms Further Resources References 3 Neurological Basis of Learning Learning Objectives Overview The Case of H.M. How Neurons Communicate: Neurotransmission How Neurons Adapt to Support Learning Classical Conditioning Skill Learning Implicit Learning Chapter Summary Review Questions Key Terms Further Resources References PART I: LEARNING 4 Behavioral Learning Learning Objectives Overview Operant Conditioning Theory Strengthening Behavior Schedules of Reinforcement Shaping Response Chains Stimulus Control Biological Constraints Avoidance Conditioning Weakening Behavior Overview of Operant Conditioning Theory Chapter Summary Review Questions Key Terms Further Resources References 5 Social Learning Learning Objectives Overview Learning by Watching Others Development of Learning Social Context of Cognitive Development Chapter Summary Review Questions Key Terms Further Resources References 6 Affect and Motivation in Learning Learning Objectives Overview Emotions During Learning Motivation Classic Motivational Theories Modern Motivational Theories Motivation in Education Chapter Summary Review Questions Key Terms Further Resources References 7 Cognitive Learning Learning Objectives Overview Short-Term Memory Store Baddeley's "Working Memory" Model Conscious Learning Forming Memories Chapter Summary Review Questions Key Terms Further Resources References PART II: MEMORY 8 Retrieval Learning Objectives Overview Retrieving Memories Feeling of Knowing Retrieval Cues Prospective Memory The Biological Basis of Retrieving Memories Retrieval to Improve Learning Situational Effects on Retrieval Chapter Summary Review Questions Key Terms Further Resources References 9 Episodic and Autobiographical Memories Learning Objectives Overview Episodic Memories Autobiographical Memory System The Structure of Autobiographical Memories Conway's Self-Memory System Developmental Changes in Autobiographical Memories Brain Processing Underlying Autobiographical Memories Chapter Summary Review Questions Key Terms Further Resources References 10 Semantic Memory Learning Objectives Overview Tulving's Episodic/Semantic Memory Distinction Meaning and Context Knowledge Representation Associationistic Models of Knowledge Representation Holistic Approaches of Knowledge Representation Constructivism Chapter Summary Review Questions Key Terms Further Resources References 11 Forgetting Learning Objectives Overview Forgetting Is Normal Normal Rate of Forgetting Forgetting Over the Lifespan Causes of Forgetting Other Retrieval Errors Chapter Summary Review Questions Key Terms Further Resources References PART III: ADVANCED TOPICS 12 Learning and Memory in the Real World Learning Objectives Overview Learning and Advertising: Consumer Research Learning and Education: Classroom Management Learning and the Workplace: Employee Training Learning and Aggression: Violence and Media Memory and the Law: Eyewitness Memory Chapter Summary Review Questions Key Terms Further Resources References Index

"This is a good book that students from all disciplines should have no difficulty in understanding. It has an emphasis on learning and memory, but combines concepts with other types of psychology as well." -- Vivian C. Hsu "Learning and Memory is comprehensive and engaging." -- Jennifer A. Joy-Gaba