Acute and Emergency Care in Athletic Training

Michelle A. Cleary, PhD, ATC, CSCS, is an associate professor in the athletic training program and an associate dean of graduate health science at Chapman University. Prior to joining Chapman in 2012, Cleary taught at Temple University, where she earned her doctorate, and at Florida International University and the University of Hawaii. She is certified as an athletic trainer by the Board of Certification (BOC) and is certified as a strength and conditioning specialist by the National Strength and Conditioning Association. She is the chair of the Research and Grants Committee of the Far West Athletic Trainers' Association and is also a member of the American College of Sports Medicine. Cleary's primary research interests focus on heat-related illness and injury and other sport safety issues. In addition to numerous journal articles and book chapters, Cleary has written two national position statements for the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA). Her clinical experience includes time as an athletic trainer at the high school, NCAA Division I, and international/Olympic levels. Katie Walsh Flanagan, EdD, ATC, is a professor and director of the sports medicine and athletic training program in the department of health education and promotion at East Carolina University, where she has worked for more than 20 years, and is an athletic trainer certified by the Board of Certification (BOC). Walsh Flanagan previously worked as a lecturer and assistant athletic trainer at California State University, Fresno, and as the head athletic trainer for the Chicago Power, a men's professional soccer team. She has also assisted as an athletic trainer for various sports in international competitions, including the 1996 Summer Olympic Games and 1987 Pan American Games. In 2012, Walsh Flanagan was elected to the North Carolina Athletic Trainers' Association Hall of Fame. The organization named her the North Carolina College/University Athletic Trainer of the Year in 2000 and 2006. She received the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) Most Distinguished Athletic Trainer Award in 2010 and NATA's Service Award in 2006. In 2017, she was named a NATA board member as the director of District Three. She coauthored Medical Conditions in the Athlete, Third Edition.

Part I. Introduction to Acute and Emergency Care in Athletic Training Chapter 1. The Interprofessional Health Care Team Characteristics of a Good Team Sports Medicine Setting Breakdowns in Teamwork Effective Practices in Teamwork Professional Attributes of Effective Health Care Providers Therapeutic Behaviors Summary Chapter 2. Prevention and Risk Management Strategies Risk Management Infectious Diseases Standard Precautions Exposure Control Plans Legal Responsibility Summary Chapter 3. Planning for Emergencies Epidemiology of Medical Emergencies in Sports Emergency Planning in Sports Developing an Emergency Action Plan for Each Venue Developing Acute Care and Emergency Protocols for Major Trauma and Medical Emergencies Consulting With Institutional Authorities and Working With Local EMS Providers Obtaining and Maintaining Emergency Equipment and Supplies Review the EAP and Training Personnel Communicating During an Emergency Mass Care and Catastrophic Incidents Post-Catastrophic Injury or Post-Critical Incident Plan Evidence for Best Practices in Emergency Preparedness Summary Chapter 4. The Emergency Examination Scene Size-Up Initial Assessment Identify the Chief Complaint or Concern Focused Assessment Monitoring the Critically Injured or Ill Patient Reassessment Patient Hand-Off Evidence for Injury Scoring Systems Summary Chapter 5. Emergency Medications and Administration Medical Direction and Oversight Best Practices for Safe Administration of Medication Medication Administration Oral Medication Administration Sublingual Medication Administration Metered-Dose Inhaler Administration Oxygen Administration Nebulized Medication Administration Emergency Medication Injection Intravenous Access Summary Part II. Immediate Management of Acute Injuries and Illnesses Chapter 6. Immediate Management of Bleeding, Shock, and Immunologic Emergencies Overview of the Circulatory System Hemorrhage Shock Anaphylactic Reactions and Immunologic Emergencies Evidence Summary Chapter 7. Immediate Management of Musculoskeletal Injuries Overview of the Structures Classification of Injuries Shoulder Dislocation Elbow Dislocation Finger Dislocation Hip Dislocation Knee Dislocation Ankle Dislocation Humeral Fractures Colles' Fracture Pelvis Fracture Femur Fracture Tibia-Fibula Fractures Ankle Fractures Management of Lower-Leg Fractures Compartment Syndrome Ring Avulsion Summary Chapter 8. Traumatic Injuries to the Head and Face Overview of the Head and Face Overview of Head Injuries Scalp Lacerations Skull Fracture Concussion Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Intracranial Pressure Intracerebral Contusion Epidural Hematoma Subdural Hematoma Headaches Stroke Seizures Altered Mental Status Overview of Facial Injuries Corneal Abrasion and Foreign Objects in the Eye Retinal Detachment Hyphema Tympanic Membrane Rupture Facial Fractures Temporomandibular Joint Dislocation Dental Injuries Laryngeal Injuries Summary Chapter 9. Traumatic Injuries to the Spine Anatomy and Physiology of the Spine Pathophysiology Emergency Medical Care of Injuries to the Spine Equipment Removal Summary Chapter 10. Injuries of the Thorax and Lungs Overview of Anatomical Structures in the Thorax Respiratory Assessment Using Supplemental Oxygen Airway Maintenance Rib Fracture Sternoclavicular Joint Injury Pulmonary Embolism Pneumothorax, Hemothorax, and Hemopneumothorax Asthma Summary Chapter 11. Life-Threatening Cardiac Conditions Overview of the Cardiovascular System Epidemiology of Sudden Cardiac Death Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Cardiac Conditions Field Assessment Techniques for Emergent Cardiac Conditions Immediate Management of Sudden Cardiac Arrest Emergency Preparedness for Sudden Cardiac Arrest Clinical Decision Making Evidence: Cardiovascular Screening Evidence: Factors Affecting Survival After Sudden Cardiac Arrest Summary Chapter 12. Injuries and Illnesses of the Abdominopelvic Region Overview of Anatomical Structures in the Abdomen and Pelvis Trauma to Abdominal Organs Injuries to the Liver and Spleen Injury to the Kidneys Appendicitis Acute Abdominopelvic Concerns for Female Athletes Acute Trauma to Male Genitals Summary Chapter 13. Life-Threatening Metabolic Emergencies Overview of the Anatomical Structures in Metabolic Emergencies Diabetes Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia Summary Chapter 14. Exertional Sickling and Rhabdomyolysis Exertional Rhabdomyolysis Sickle Cell Trait Evidence: Factors That Increase Risk of Exertional Rhabdomyolysis Summary Chapter 15. Environmental Emergencies Lightning Emergencies Heat-Related Emergencies Cold-Related Emergencies Altitude-Related Emergencies Summary Appendix A. Model Exposure Control Plan Appendix B. SCAT-5