Physical Activity Epidemiology

Rod K. Dishman, PhD, is a professor emeritus of the University of Georgia, where he taught courses in exercise science and psychology and served as the director of the exercise psychology laboratory. Dishman is a reviewer for more than 50 journals, including Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), The Lancet, and American Journal of Public Health. He has served on the editorial boards of numerous journals in preventive medicine and public health, such as Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, and Health Psychology. He has been an exercise consultant to public health agencies in the United States, Canada, and Europe. He has published over 200 peer-reviewed articles and written or edited several books related to physical activity and health. Dishman is an American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) fellow and has served as a member of their research advisory committee and board of trustees. In 2016, he received ACSM's Citation Award. He was a member of the jury for selection of the Olympic Prize in Sport Science awarded by the International Olympic Committee's Medical Commission and served on the scientific advisory committee for the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. Gregory Heath, DHSc, MPH, is Guerry professor emeritus of the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga. Previously, he worked at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as lead health scientist in the Physical Activity and Health Branch. He has extensive experience in conducting studies and data analyses in the areas of physical activity epidemiology and public health practice. In 2019, he edited Physical Activity & Public Health: A Practitioner's Guide, published by the American Public Health Association (APHA Press). Heath is a fellow of the American College of Sports Medicine, where he has served as a vice president and on the board of trustees. He is also a fellow on the Council on Epidemiology and Prevention in the American Heart Association. He earned his doctor of health science degree in applied physiology and nutrition and his master's of public health in epidemiology from Loma Linda University. Heath has been contributing to the field of exercise science and health promotion for over 35 years. Michael D. Schmidt, PhD, is an associate professor and graduate program coordinator in the department of kinesiology and an adjunct assistant professor in the department of epidemiology and biostatistics at the University of Georgia. Schmidt earned a master's degree in exercise physiology and a doctoral degree in epidemiology, each from the University of Massachusetts in Amherst. Schmidt is a productive scholar with special training in the measurement of physical activity and sedentary behavior and research foci on obesity and cardio-metabolic health outcomes. He has served as a research fellow in the cardiovascular disease and diabetes unit at the Menzies Institute for Medical Research in Hobart, Australia, where he was celebrated as an Honorary Research Associate from 2008 to 2013. In 2007, Schmidt was awarded the postdoctoral research fellowship in public health by the National Heart Foundation of Australia. I-Min Lee, MBBS, MPH, ScD, is a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School, a professor of epidemiology at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and an epidemiologist at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston. A reviewer for over 30 journals, including The Lancet and New England Journal of Medicine, Lee has served on the editorial boards for Harvard Health Publications, Harvard Women's Health Watch, Contemporary Clinical Trials, British Journal of Sports Medicine, Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, and Brazilian Journal of Physical Activity and Health. She has authored over 500 scientific publications and is a frequent invited speaker at local, national, and international levels. Lee is an elected member of the American Epidemiological Society and a member of the Society for Epidemiologic Research, the American Heart Association, and the International Society for Physical Activity and Health. She is a member and fellow of the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) and has served on the ACSM's research advisory committee and board of trustees. Lee also served on the scientific advisory committee for the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, and in 2010 she was on the expert panel for the World Health Organization's Global Recommendations on Physical Activity for Health. In 2013, she contributed to AHA/ACC Guideline on Lifestyle Management to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk. Lee is the recipient of numerous awards and recognitions, in particular the William G. Anderson Award from the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (2007); the Charles C. Shepard Award from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2009); and the ACSM's Citation Award (2011).

Part I. Introduction to Physical Activity Epidemiology Chapter 1. Origins of Physical Activity Epidemiology Ancient History of Physical Activity and Health Modern History of Physical Activity and Health Physical Activity for Health Promotion in the United States and the World Summary Bibliography Chapter 2. Concepts and Methods in Physical Activity Epidemiology Epidemiologic Measures Crude, Specific, and Standardized Rates Research Design in Epidemiologic Studies Evaluating Associations in Epidemiologic Studies Models in Physical Activity Epidemiology Inferring Cause in Epidemiologic Studies Criteria for Causation Summary Bibliography Chapter 3. Measurement and Surveillance of Physical Activity and Fitness Why Is Behavioral Epidemiology Important? What Is Physical Activity? Measures of Physical Activity What Is Sedentary Behavior? What Is Physical Fitness? Surveys and Surveillance of Physical Activity Summary Bibliography Part II. Physical Activity and Disease Mortality Chapter 4. All-Cause Mortality Life Expectancy at Birth Major Causes of Mortality Physical Activity and All-Cause Mortality Leisure-Time Physical Activity and All-Cause Mortality: Exemplar Cohort Studies Resistance (Strengthening) Exercise and All-Cause Mortality Device-Measured Physical Activity Sedentary Behavior and All-Cause Mortality Physical Fitness and All-Cause Mortality Changes in Physical Activity or Fitness and All-Cause Mortality Are the Associations Real? Strength of the Evidence How Much Physical Activity Is Needed to Decrease Risk of Premature Mortality? Summary Bibliography Chapter 5. Coronary Heart Disease History and Magnitude of the Problem Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors Coronary Heart Disease Etiology Physical Activity and Coronary Heart Disease Sedentary Behavior and Coronary Heart Disease Risk Physical Fitness and Coronary Heart Disease Risk Individuals With Other Risk Factors or Existing Coronary Heart Disease Physical Inactivity Compared With Other Risk Factors Are the Associations Real? Strength of the Evidence How Much Physical Activity Is Needed to Decrease Coronary Heart Disease Risk? Summary Bibliography Chapter 6. Cerebrovascular Disease and Stroke Magnitude of the Problem Risk Factors for Stroke Etiology of Stroke Treatment of Ischemic Stroke Physical Activity and Stroke Risk: The Evidence Strength of the Evidence Summary Bibliography Part III. Physical Activity and Risk Factors Chapter 7. Physical Activity and Hypertension Magnitude of the Problem Treating Hypertension Hypertension Etiology Autonomic Nervous System Physical Activity and Reduced Hypertension Risk: The Evidence Physical Activity and Treatment of Hypertension: The Evidence Strength of the Evidence Summary Bibliography Chapter 8. Physical Activity and Dyslipidemia Magnitude of the Problem Drug Treatment Dyslipidemia Etiology and Physical Activity Physical Activity and Lipoprotein Levels: The Evidence Strength of the Evidence Summary Bibliography Chapter 9. Physical Activity and Obesity Magnitude of the Problem Treatment of Overweight and Obesity Assessing and Defining Overweight and Obesity Etiology of Overweight and Obesity: Set Point or Settling Point? Physical Activity and Fitness and the Health Risks of Obesity: The Evidence Physical Activity and Prevention of Excess Weight Gain: The Evidence Physical Activity and Weight Loss: The Evidence Physical Activity and Weight Maintenance: The Evidence Strength of the Evidence The Ultimate Goal: Weight Loss or Risk Reduction? Summary Bibliography Part IV. Physical Activity and Chronic Diseases Chapter 10. Physical Activity and Diabetes Magnitude of the Problem Demographics of Diabetes Clinical Features Health Burden of Diabetes Risk Factors Insulin and Glucose Transport Etiology of Type 2 Diabetes Effects of Physical Activity on Diabetes Risk: The Evidence Strength of the Evidence Summary Bibliography Chapter 11. Physical Activity and Osteoporosis Magnitude of the Problem Fractures and Mortality Etiology of Osteopenia and Osteoporosis Bone Measurement Techniques Risk Factors and Prevention Pharmacotherapy for Osteoporosis Physical Activity and Osteoporosis: The Evidence Strength of the Evidence Summary Bibliography Part V. Physical Activity, Cancer, and Immunity Chapter 12. Physical Activity and Cancer Magnitude of the Problem Etiology of Cancer Risk Factors The Evidence for Physical Activity: Specificity of Protection? Colon and Rectal Cancer Breast Cancer Lung Cancer Endometrial Cancer Physical Activity and Cancer Survivors Summary Bibliography Chapter 13. Physical Activity and the Immune System An Abridged History of Immunology HIV and AIDS The Immune System Immunomodulation by the Nervous and Endocrine Systems Immunotherapy in Cancer Physical Activity and Immunity: The Evidence Mechanisms of Alterations in Monocytes, Granulocytes, and Natural Killer Cells After Acute Exercise Exercise and Cytokines Summary Bibliography Part VI. Physical Activity and Special Concerns Chapter 14. Physical Activity and Mental Health Depression Anxiety Disorders Cognitive Function and Dementia Summary Bibliography Chapter 15. Physical Activity and Special Populations Physical Activity Among Diverse Racial-Ethnic Populations Physical Activity and Disability Inactivity and Aging Physical Activity and Long-Term Health Among People With Disabilities Role of Physical Activity in the Promotion of Health Summary Bibliography Chapter 16. Adverse Events and Hazards of Physical Activity Magnitude of the Problem Evaluating Risk Methods of Research Myocardial Infarction and Sudden Death Joint and Muscle Injury Injury Features Risk of Physical Activity Injuries: The Evidence Other Medical Hazards Psychological Hazards Summary Bibliography Chapter 17. Adopting and Maintaining a Physically Active Lifestyle Individual Barriers to Physical Activity How Do People Decide to Be Active? Environmental Barriers to Physical Activity Genetics of Physical Activity Environmental Intervention and Self-Regulation Effectiveness of Physical Activity Interventions Types of Interventions to Increase Physical Activity Mediators and Moderators of Physical Activity Change and Interventions Features of Physical Activity That Promote Adoption and Maintenance Summary Bibliography

"The new edition is justified by the sheer amount of new research in the field and the updated guidelines, which the authors weave expertly into each topic" - (c) Doody's Review Service, 2023, Morgan L Wolff, MPH, University of Iowa College of Public Health (4-star review)