Human Trafficking

Dr. Busch-Armendariz has more than 20 years of experience working to end interpersonal violence. She is the University Presidential Professor at the School of Social Work and Associate Vice President for Research at the University of Texas at Austin. Noel teaches graduate courses in domestic violence, research, and social policy and an undergraduate course on modern slavery. Noel is the founding and current director of the UT Austin Institute on Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault (IDVSA), a collaboration of the School of Social Work, the School of Nursing, the School of Law, and the Bureau for Business Research with more than 150 affiliate community organizations. Since joining UT, Noel has directed research totaling more than $8.3 million dollars in external funding for the National Institute of Justice, the Office for Victims of Crime, the Office on Violence Against Women, the Office of the Attorney General of Texas, the Texas Association Against Sexual Assault, and the Texas Health and Human Services, to name a few. Her areas of specialization are interpersonal violence, refugees, asylees, survivors of human trafficking, and international social work. She is regularly called as an expert witness in criminal, civil, and immigration cases and directs statewide and national trainings on the topic. She is well published and has been recognized by her colleagues and students with many awards. Noel is a returned Peace Corps volunteer and a licensed social worker. She is happily married to Larry Armendariz and takes the utmost joy in parenting her son, Daniel. She is a survivor of sexual assault. Dr. Nsonwu is an Associate Professor and Interim Bachelor of Social Work Program Director at North Carolina Agricultural & Technical State University in the Department of Sociology and Social Work. Over the last two decades she has also held previous teaching and administrative positions at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, the University of North Carolina at Charlotte and High Point University. For over 25 years Maura has practiced as a clinician, educator and researcher in the areas of refugee resettlement, human trafficking, health care, child welfare and social work education. Since 2004, Maura has been a Research Fellow with the Center for New North Carolinians at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro where her research has focused on working with refugee and immigrant communities and issues of human trafficking. Her collaborative work, on a number of interdisciplinary projects, has been recognized as the recipient of awards. She was the 2010 recipient of the Sister Gretchen Reintjes award which recognizes persons who have made outstanding contributions to refugee and immigrant communities. Maura has conducted multiple funded research projects with co-authors Noel Busch-Armendariz and Laurie Cook Heffron, at the University of Texas at Austin in evaluating the delivery of social services to human trafficking victims and creating typologies of traffickers. Their research team has presented at conferences throughout the United States and has numerous publications. Maura lives in Greensboro, North Carolina with her husband, a Nigerian immigrant. They have three adult children ages 20, 21 and 24 years old. Dr. Cook Heffron is an Assistant Professor of Social Work in the School of Behavioral and Social Sciences at St. Edward's University in Austin, Texas. She has interest and expertise in the areas of forced migration, domestic and sexual violence, and human trafficking. Laurie has both direct social work practice and research experience with a variety of communities, including refugees, asylum-seekers, trafficked persons, and other immigrants. Her recent research explores the experiences of, and relationships between, violence against women and migration, with a focus on migration from Central America to the United States. Laurie studied Linguistics at Georgetown University and earned a Master of Social Work (MSW) and Doctorate in Social Work from The University of Texas at Austin. Laurie is, above all, a mother of two energetic and creative children.

Preface Acknowledgments About the Authors Section I A Holistic Approach to Understanding Human Trafficking Chapter 1 A Primer to Human Trafficking: Understanding Scope and Dimensions 1. Learning Objectives 2. Key Ideas 3. Decision Case 4. Selected Theory/Framework 5. Scientific Knowledge 6. Calling Attention to Complex Issues or Critical Discourse 7. Chapter Summary 8. Key Terms 9. Active Learning Exercises or In-Class Discussions 10. Suggestions for Further Learning (Books, Policies, Websites, and Films) 11. Suggestions for Further Research/Project/Homework/Exam Exercises 12. References Chapter 2 Understanding the Context of History 1. Learning Objectives 2. Key Ideas 3. Scientific Knowledge/Literature 4. Key Terms 5. In-Class Discussion Questions/Exercises 6. Additional Reading 7. Web Resources 8. Project Assignments and Homework Suggestions 9. Films 10. References Chapter 3 Understanding Terms, Definitions, and Intersectionality 1. Learning Objectives 2. Key Ideas 3. Selected Theories/Frameworks 4. Decision Case 5. Scientific Knowledge/Literature 6. Factors Complicating Definitions 7. Intersectionality of Human Trafficking and Other Issues and Crimes 8. Complex Issues and Critical Discourse 9. Chapter Summary 10. Key Terms 11. Active Learning Exercises or In-Class Discussion Questions 12. Suggestions for Further Learning 13. Research/Project Assignments/Homework/Exam Exercises 14. References Chapter 4 The Economics of Human Trafficking 1. Learning Objectives 2. Key Ideas 3. Decision Case 4. Selected Theories 5. Scientific Knowledge/Literature 6. Chapter Summary 7. Key Terms 8. Active Learning Exercises or In-Class Discussion Questions 9. Suggestions for Further Learning 10. Suggestions for Further Research or Projects/ Homework/Exams 11. References Section II A Holistic Approach at Micro, Mezzo, and Macro Levels Chapter 5 Understanding, Disruption, and Interventions at the Micro Level 1. Learning Objectives 2. Key Ideas 3. Selected Theories/Framework 4. Decision Case 5. Scientific Knowledge/Literature 6. Chapter Summary 7. Key Terms 8. Active Learning Exercises or In-Class Discussion Questions 9. Suggestions for Further Learning 10. Research/Project Assignments/Homework/ Exam Exercises 11. References Chapter 6 Understanding, Disruption, and Interventions at the Mezzo Level 1. Learning Objectives 2. Key Ideas 3. Selected Theories/Frameworks 4. Decision Case 5. Scientific Knowledge at the Mezzo Level 6. Chapter Summary 7. Key Terms 8. Active Learning Exercises or In-Class Discussion Questions 9. Suggestions for Further Learning 10. Suggestions for Further Research or Projects/Homework/Exams 11. References Chapter 7 Understanding, Disruption, and Interventions at the Macro Level 1. Learning Objectives 2. Key Ideas 3. Selected Theories/Frameworks: Feminism as a Range of Theoretical Approaches to Human Trafficking 4. Decision Case 5. Scientific Knowledge 6. Complex and Critical Discourse: Prostitution-Related Policies 7. Implications for Practice: Applying Feminist Approaches to Sex Trafficking 8. Chapter Summary 9. Key Terms 10. Active Learning Exercises or In-Class Discussion Questions 11. Suggestions for Further Learning 12. Research Assignments/Project Assignments/Homework/ Exam Exercises 13. References Section III A Holistic Approach to Taking Actions Chapter 8 Understanding Collective Impact and Individual Action 1. Learning Objectives 2. Key Ideas 3. Introduction 4. Scientific Knowledge 5. Summary 6. Key Terms 7. Active Learning Exercises and Discussion Questions 8. Assignments or Homework 9. In-Class Discussion Questions 10. Suggestions for Further Learning 11. References Appendices Appendix A: 2015 NHTRC Annual Report Appendix B: Survey to Assess Student Knowledge Regarding Human Trafficking Appendix C: Human Trafficking Video Resources Appendix D: Syllabus for Undergraduate Modern-Day Slavery Course Index

"This book offers broad coverage of the topic which is good for a number of audiences. It delivers most confidently the information centered on victim experiences and service delivery which feels very useful for those working in social work or other professions that lead to encounters with victims. The emphasis on intersectionality shows the need for coordination among a diversity of actors and shows how this is a problem that connects to a number of societal issues and micro-level experiences. This is useful from a problem-solution definition perspective." -- Emile Hafner-Burton "I like the organization of micro/mezzo/macro levels. I have yet to see a book that effectively breaks apart the complex factors that perpetuate human trafficking-the authors of this book appear to do that, and they introduce some of the more recent struggles faced by this movement as it grows." -- Wendy Stickle "This is a very comprehensive book. I still see it as mostly for social work students, but I think the authors have achieved high degree of an interdisciplinary approach in this text." -- Nadia Shapkina