Ryan Shaffer is a consultant who specializes in extremism and security services. He is the author of 200 articles, reviews and book chapters in academic and popular publications. Shaffer has written for various international magazines including Reader's Digest and Homeland Security Today. His recent academic articles include 'Following in Footsteps: The History of Kenya's Post-Colonial Intelligence Services,' Studies in Intelligence (2019) and 'Indian Spies inside Pakistan: South Asian Human Intelligence Across Borders,' Intelligence and National Security (2019). He earned his PhD from Stony Brook University in New York and published, The Transformation of Extremism (Palgrave Macmillan).
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Introduction, Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cabo Verde, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Democratic Republic of the, Congo- Republic of the Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Eswatini (formerly Swaziland), Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe