What Do We Know about Civil Wars? 2/e

T. David Mason is the Johnie Christian Family Professor of Peace Studies Emeritus and Regents Professor of Political Science Emeritus at the University of North Texas. He co-founded UNTs Castleberry Peace Institute, which he directed from its inception in 2009 until 2014. He earned his Ph.D. degree from the University of Georgia in 1982. Mason served on the faculty of Mississippi State University from 1981 to 1992 and University of Memphis from 1992 to 2002, where he was a co-founder of that universitys Benjamin Hooks Institute for Social Change. He served as Associate Editor of International Studies Quarterly (2004-2007) and then Editor-in-Chief (2007-2008) of that journal. Mason served on the American Political Science Associations Task Force on Political Violence and was primary author of that groups final report chapter on how civil wars end. He is the author of Caught in the Crossfire: Revolution, Repression and the Rational Peasant (2004), Sustaining the Peace After Civil War (2007) and co-editor of Conflict Prevention and Peace-building in Post-War Societies: Sustaining the Peace (with James Meernik, 2006). His research on the politics of reform, repression, and civil conflict has appeared American Political Science Review, Journal of Politics, Social Science Quarterly, International Studies Quarterly, Journal of Conflict Resolution, Journal of Peace Research and other journals.

Sara McLaughlin Mitchell is the F. Wendell Miller Professor of Political Science and the College of Law (courtesy appointment) at the University of Iowa. She received her Ph.D. in Political Science at Michigan State University in 1997. She is author of six books including Domestic Law Goes Global: Legal Traditions and International Courts (2011) and What Do We Know About War? (2021) and she has published more than sixty journal articles and book chapters. She is the recipient of several major research awards from the Department of Defense, National Science Foundation, and USAID. Her areas of expertise include international conflict, political methodology, and gender issues in academia. Professor Mitchell is co-founder of the Journeys in World Politics workshop, a mentoring workshop for junior women studying international relations. She is the recipient of several research, teaching, and graduate mentoring awards from the University of Iowa, the Regents Award for Faculty Excellence (2022), the Quincy Wright Distinguished Scholar Award (2015) from the International Studies Association, a distinguished alumni award from Iowa State University, and she served as President of the Peace Science Society.

List of Figures

List of Tables

Preface

Acknowledgments

Introduction: What Do We Know About Civil Wars?

Part I. Factors That Bring About Civil War

Chapter 1. Introduction: Patterns of Armed Conflict since 1945

Chapter 2. Antecedents of Civil War Onset: Greed, Grievance, and State Repression

Chapter 3. Identity and Civil War: Ethnic and Religious Divisions

Chapter 4. State Capacity, Regime Type, and Civil War

Chapter 5. Transnational Dimensions of Civil Wars: Clustering, Contagion, and Connectedness

Part II. Factors That End Civil Wars and Promote Peace

Chapter 6. Third Party Intervention, Duration, and Outcome of Civil Wars

Chapter 7. Ripe for Resolution: Third Party Mediation and Negotiating Peace Agreements

Chapter 8. Negotiated Peace: Power Sharing in Peace Agreements

Chapter 9. Breaking the Conflict Trap: The Impact of Peacekeeping on Violence and Democratization in the Post-Conflict Context

Chapter 10. The Legacies of Civil War: Health, Education, and Economic Development

Part III. Emerging Trends in Civil War Research

Chapter 11. Transitional Justice: Prospects for Post-War Peace and Human Rights

Chapter 12. Gender and Civil Wars

Chapter 13. Resource Wealth and Civil Conflict

Chapter 14. Environment and Conflict

Chapter 15. Trends in Civil War Data: Geography, Organizations, and Events

Chapter 16. Militias, Criminality, and Conflict

Bibliography

About the Editors

Index

Students always ask me, ‘What should I read to understand civil wars?’ Mitchell and Masons updated book is the best one-stop primer on the subject. In it, top civil war scholars summarize the state of our knowledge on why civil wars start, last as long as they do, and are so difficult to end, highlighting the emerging trends we are beginning to see in the 21st century. This is a tremendously valuable book for students and scholars alike.

— Barbara F. Walter, University of California, San Diego

The second edition of this outstanding collection enlightens the reader further on the onset, duration, and outcome of civil wars that continue to plague the global community. In recent years, intrastate wars have increased in numbers and severity, making this updated set of essays, which also includes a greater focus on climate change and intrastate conflict, of even greater import. Each chapter, authored by established scholars, contains a wealth of up-to-date insights about one of the greatest challenges to global security.

— Todd Sandler, Chair Emeritus, University of Texas at Dallas

What Do We Know about Civil Wars? brings together insights from top scholars in the field about cutting edge research on a variety of questions in the study of civil war. As it is both easily accessible and comprehensive, I expect that it would be an excellent textbook for an advanced undergraduate class, as well as an invaluable resource for graduate students or anyone else setting out to conduct research on civil war.

— Stephen E. Gent, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

What Do We Know About Civil Wars is an invaluable resource for students and scholars seeking to understand the complexity of contemporary civil conflicts. The exemplary collection of essays curated in this new edition familiarizes readers with foundational theories and introduces them to cutting edge new research that grapples with timely new questions about the relationships between war and gender, the connections between climate change and armed conflict, and the role of post-conflict justice in ensuring long-term peace.

— Reed M. Wood, University of Essex