Theodore Roosevelt was born on October 27, 1858. He was elected to the New York state legislature in 1881. Following his first wife's, Alice Roosevelt, death in February 1884, Roosevelt left politics to manage a cattle ranch in the Dakota Territory. In 1886 he returned to New York City, ran unsuccessfully for mayor, and married Edith Kermit Carow. Between 1889 and 1895 Roosevelt headed the U.S. civil service commission. From 1895 to 1897 he served as president of the Police Commission in New York City. In 1897 President William McKinley appointed him assistant secretary of the navy. He resigned to serve in the military during the war against Spain. As lieutenant colonel he organized and led the Rough Riders, a regiment of cavalry, in Cuba. In 1889 he narrowly won election as the New York State governor. The following year he accepted the Republican Party nomination as vice president on the McKinley reelection ticket. The ticket was victorious. On September 14, 1901 President McKinley died as an eventual result of being shot by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. At age forty-two Roosevelt became the youngest person to serve as president. Key events during the Roosevelt administration were his antitrust efforts (culminating in the landmark 1904 Supreme Court decision, Northern Securities Co. v. United States), ending the 1902 coal miners strike, acquiring the land to build the Panama Canal, numerous reform legislation, and mediating the end to the Russo-Japanese War (and effort that won him the Nobel Peace Prize). In 1908 Roosevelt endorsed the election of his friend and Secretary of War, William Howard Taft to succeed him, but by 1910 distanced himself from Taft. In 1912 Roosevelt unsuccessfully sought the Republican Party nomination to oust Taft. The Bull Moose Party, a third party of republican progressives was created and nominated Roosevelt. While campaigning, Roosevelt was barely sidetracked when he was shot in the chest. Splitting the Republican Party vote, Roosevelt finished in second place to Woodrow Wilson (Taft finished in third). On January 6, 1919, Theodore Roosevelt died.
