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Sacred Ritual

Name: Sacred Ritual
Brand: PENN STATE UNIVERSITY PRESS
SKU: 9781575068268
Price: 129.0 AUD
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PENN STATE UNIVERSITY PRESSISBN: 9781575068268

A Study of the West Semitic Ritual Calendars in Leviticus 23 and the Akkadian Text Emar 446

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By Bryan C. Babcok
Imprint: EISENBRAUNS
Release Date: July 14, 2014
Format: HARDBACK
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Pages: 288

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Israelite festival calendar texts (Exod 23; 34; Lev 23; Num 2829; Deut 16; and Ezek 45) share many features; however, there are also differences. Some of the most-often-cited differences are the following: festival dates, festival locations, date of the New Year, festival timing, and festival names. Scholars have explored these distinctions, and many have concluded that different sources (authors/redactors) wrote the various calendars at different times in Israelite history. Scholars use these dissimilarities to argue that Lev 23 was written in the exilic or postexilic era. Babcock offers a new translation and analysis of a second-millennium B.C. multimonth ritual calendar text from Emar (Emar 446) to challenge the late dating of Lev 23. Babcock argues that Lev 23 preserves an early (2nd-millennium) West Semitic ritual tradition.

Building on the recent work of Klingbeil and Sparks, this book presents a new comparative methodology for exploring potential textual relationships. Babcock investigates the attributes of sacred ritual through the lens of sacred time, sacred space and movement, sacred objects, ritual participants, and ritual sound. The author begins with a study of ancient Near Eastern festival texts from the 3rd millennium through the 1st millennium. This analysis focuses on festival cycles, common festival attributes, and the role of time and space in ritual. Babcock then moves on to an intertextual study of biblical festival texts before completing a thorough investigation of both Lev 23 and Emar 446. The result is a compelling argument that Lev 23 preserves an early West Semitic festival tradition and does not date to the exilic erarefuting the scholarly consensus.

This illuminating reading stands as a model for future research in the field of ritual and comparative textual studies.

Introduction

The Comparative Method

Sacred Aspect of Ritual

Research Objectives

Overview of Research

Introduction

Overview of Ritual Development in the Ancient Near East

Overview of Leviticus 23 Research in Light of Related Biblical Texts

Critique of Jan Wagenaar

Summary

Leviticus 23

Introduction to the Study of Leviticus 23

Original Translation and Text-Critical Notes of Leviticus 23

Structure, Outline, and Literary Features

Sacred Time

Sacred Space

Sacred Objects

Ritual Roles of Participants

Ritual Sound

Summary

Emar 446: A Multimonth Ritual Calendar

Introduction to Emar

Translation and Commentary: Emar 446 (Msk. 74280a + 74291a)

Structure, Outline, and Literary Features

Sacred Time in Emar 446

The Emar Yearly Calendar and New Year

Sacred Space

Sacred Objects

Ritual Participants

Ritual Sound

Summary

Appendix

Leviticus 23 in the Context of Emar 446

Introduction

Intrabiblical Findings

History of Transmission

Context, Purpose, and Analytical Genre Structure and Literary Features

Sacred Time

Sacred Space

Sacred Objects

Ritual Roles of Participants

Ritual Sound

Connection between the Texts

Conclusion

Bibliography

Indexes

Index of Authors

Index of Scripture

Index of Other Ancient Sources

Index of Festivals

Sacred Ritual

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