Preface Introduction: Framing Constitutional Contests in Large CitiesJames H. Svara and Douglas J. Watson Part I: Change from Council-Manager to Mayor-Council Form 2. St. Petersburg: Easing into a Strong-Mayor GovernmentJ. Edwin Benton, Donald C. Menzel, and Darryl Paulson 3. Spokane: Development Debate Sparks Government DebateWendy L. Hassett 4. Hartford: Politics Trumps Professionalism.Wendy L. Hassett 5. Richmond: Implementation and Experience with Strong Mayor Form of GovernmentNelson Wikstrom 6. San Diego: Switch from Reform to RepresentativeGlen W. Sparrow 7. Oakland: The Power of Celebrity? Explaining Strong-Mayor Charter ReformMegan Mullin Part II: Rejected change from Council-Manager to Mayor-Council Form 8. Kansas City: The Evolution of Council-Manager GovernmentKimberly Nelson and Curtis Wood 9. Grand Rapids: A Lack of Enthusiasm for Change in the Council-Manager FormEric S. Zemmering 10. Dallas: The Survival of Council-Manager GovernmentKaren M. Jarrell 11. Cincinnati: Charter Conflict and ConsensusJohn T. Spence Part III: Change from Mayor-Council to Council-Manager 12. El Paso: Professionalism over Politics in the Shift to Council-Manager GovernmentLarry Terry 13. Topeka: Council-Manager Redux Finding Balance in the Politics-Administration DichotomyR. Paul Battaglio, Jr. Part IV: Rejected Change to Mayor-Council Form from Commission and Weak Mayor 14. St. Louis: Deja Vu All over Again: Charter Reform FailsRobert Cropf, Todd Swanstrom, and Scott Krummenacher 15. Portland: "Keep Portland Weird," Retaining the Commission Form of GovernmentDoug Morgan, Masami Nishishiba, and Dan Vizzini 16. Conclusion: Distinct Factors and Common Themes in Change of Form ReferendaJames H. Svara and Douglas J. Watson List of Contributors Index