1. Introduction I. Anthropological Foundations 2. Human Evolution, Diffusion, and Culture 3. Foragers 4. Domestication 5. The Diffusion and Early Development of Agriculture 6. The Emergence of Civilization II. Historical Developments 7. China 8. India 9. A Technological Civilization 10. Globalization III. Livelihoods Today 11. Resource Production 12. Manufacturing 13. Services 14. Transportation and Communication IV. Social and Environmental Consequences 15. Romantic Responses 16. Political Reactions 17. Conservation, Resources, and Population 18. Pollution, Biodiversity, and Climate Change V. Reading Landscapes 19. American Cities 20. Rural America 21. Cities Abroad 22. Countrysides Abroad