1. Introduction: A Theory of Shock and RivalryImad Mansour and William R. Thompson 2. Crucial Fault Lines in the Middle East: Interstate Rivalries in Comparative PerspectiveThomas J. Volgy, Kelly Marie Gordell, and Paul Bezerra 3. Humpty Dumpty Had a Great Fall? Making Sense of Longer-Term Ups and Downs in Middle Eastern and North African RivalriesWilliam R. Thompson 4. The Saudi-Iran Strategic Rivalry: "Like Fire and Dynamite" John Calabrese 5. Rethinking Rivalry Fluctuation: Iranian Rivalry Behavior and the Domestic Level of AnalysisThomas Keith Wilson 6. Iran-Iraq-Syria: Shocks and Rivalries in a Triadic Pattern Marwan Kabalan 7. Iran-Turkey Relations: Between Rivalry and Competition Meliha Benli Altunisik 8. Dangerous Entanglements: The Rivalry Effects of the Iran and Israel Narratives Imad Mansour 9. Revolution and Rivalry Onset: The Emergence of the Egyptian-Saudi (1955-70) and Iranian-Saudi (1979-2018) Rivalries Karen Rasler 10. The Algerian-Moroccan Rivalry: Constructing the Imagined Enemy Yahia H. Zoubir 11. Conclusion: Assessing Shocks and Rivalry Processes in the Middle East and North Africa Imad Mansour and William R. Thompson References Index List of Contributors