Applied Research and Evaluation Methods in Recreation 2/e

Diane C. Blankenship, EdD, is a retired professor of Frostburg State University in Frostburg, Maryland, where she taught courses in research methods in the recreation and park management program. She also serves on the program's graduate thesis and project committee. Dr. Blankenship has extensive and varied experience, having worked as a Boy Scout executive; as a recreation therapist; in residential camps, aquatic facilities, recreation centers, and outdoor recreation facilities; and for the Department of the Army in Germany. Dr. Blankenship has used her skills in recreation and leisure research methods to assist local and state organizations in the evaluation of their programs and facilities and in strategic planning. She served as a fellow for the U.S. Department of State to conduct a study that evaluated onboarding programs across the federal government, using specific training models and assessment tools in the evaluation research. In addition, she served as a site visitor for the Commission for Accreditation of Park and Recreation Agencies (CAPRA) and as a member of the National Recreation and Park Association (NRPA) CPRP certification exam committee and policy committee. Natalia B. Lowe, PhD, is a program coordinator and full professor in the department of kinesiology and recreation and parks management at Frostburg State University. Her research interests include outdoor recreation and community and ecological well-being, community engagement in natural resource planning and management, and marketing of ecotourism and nature-based tourism destinations. She has conducted research in Retezat National Park in Romania, El Yunque National Forest in Puerto Rico, and state forests in western Maryland as well as at the Super Bowl in Tampa, Florida. Jeffrey R. Farr, PhD, is an assistant professor in the department of human nutrition, hospitality, and sport management at the University of Alabama. He was previously an assistant professor of recreation, parks, and sport management at Frostburg State University. Dr. Farr's research primarily focuses on youth sport, specifically on the relationships between youth sport participation and family functioning as well as the intersectionality and inclusion of youth sport.

Chapter 1.Investigative Overview Foundational Knowledge for Professionals Benefits of Conducting Research and Evaluation CAPRA Issues Related to Research and Evaluation Benefits of Research and Evaluation for the Professional Conclusion Learning Aids Chapter 2.The Research and Evaluation Process Elements of the Scientific Method of Inquiry Elements of the Evaluation Research Process Comparing the Scientific Method of Inquiry and Evaluation Research Steps of the Research Process Conclusion Learning Aids Chapter 3.The Research Problem Defining the Research Problem Purpose of the Research Research Questions Quantitative Research Designs Qualitative Research Designs Action Research Conclusion Learning Aids Chapter 4.Review of Literature What Is a Review of Literature? Why Conduct a Review of Literature? Finding and Reviewing Literature Synthesizing the Literature Conclusion Learning Aids Chapter 5.Variables and Hypotheses in Study Designs Relationships Variables Hypotheses Measurement Scales Conclusion Learning Aids Chapter 6.Ethics in Research Protection From Harm Confidentiality Parental Permission Avoiding Deception Using All Data Avoiding Coercion Conclusion Learning Aids Chapter 7. Sampling Defining the Population Sampling Techniques Sampling Issues Conclusion Learning Aids Chapter 8.Instrumentation Selecting a Leader Defining the Population Making an Instrumentation Plan Kinds of Data Conclusion Learning Aids Chapter 9.Data Collection Tools Types of Instruments Instrument Selection Instrument Considerations Validity of the Instrument Reliability of the Instrument Conclusion Learning Aids Chapter 10.Internal Validity Review of Validity 10 Threats to Internal Validity Validity in Qualitative Designs Reliability Relationship Between Validity and Reliability Conclusion Learning Aids Chapter 11.Data Analysis Descriptive Statistic Range Standard Deviation Pearson Product-Moment Coefficient Additional Statistical Analysis-T Test and ANOVA Qualitative Data Analysis Conclusion Learning Aids Chapter 12.The Research Report Executive Summary Purpose of the Study Background Methods Results Recommendations Conclusion Learning Aids