Equipment in Anaesthesia and Critical Care

Contents: Preface to the second edition; Preface to the first edition; Acknowledgements; Abbreviations



1 Medical gases

1.1 Introduction to medical gases

1.2 Vacuum insulated evaporator

1.3 Cylinder manifold

1.4 Medical gas cylinders

1.5 Compressed air supply

1.6 Oxygen concentrator

1.7 Piped medical gas supply

1.8 Medical vacuum and suction

1.9 Scavenging

1.10 Delivery of supplemental oxygen

1.11 Nasal cannulae

1.12 Variable performance masks

1.13 Venturi mask

1.14 High flow nasal cannulae



2 Airway equipment

2.1 Introduction to airway equipment

Masks, supraglottic airways and airway adjuncts

2.2 Sealing face masks

2.3 Magill forceps

2.4 Guedel airway

2.5 Nasopharyngeal airway

2.6 Bite block

2.7 Supraglottic airways

2.8 Bougies, stylets and airway exchange catheters

Laryngoscopes

2.9 Direct vision laryngoscopes

2.10 Videolaryngoscopes

2.11 Fibreoptic bronchoscope

Endotracheal tubes and related equipment

2.12 Endotracheal tubes

2.13 Double lumen endobronchial tube

2.14 Bronchial blocker

2.15 Airway devices for jet ventilation

Infraglottic airways

2.16 Tracheostomy tubes

2.17 Cricothyroidotomy devices

2.18 Retrograde intubation set



3 Breathing systems

3.1 Introduction to breathing systems

3.2 Bag valve mask

3.3 Adjustable pressure limiting valve

3.4 Reservoir bag

3.5 The Mapleson classification

3.6 Humphrey ADE block

3.7 The circle system



4 Ventilators

4.1 Introduction to ventilators

4.2 Manley ventilator

4.3 Oxylog ventilators

4.4 Penlon Nuffield 200 ventilator

4.5 The Newton valve and mechanical thumbs

4.6 Bag in bottle ventilator

4.7 Piston ventilator

4.8 Turbine ventilator

4.9 Pneumatic intensive care ventilator

4.10 Manual jet ventilators

4.11 High frequency jet ventilators

4.12 High frequency oscillatory ventilators



5 Delivery of anaesthetic agents

5.1 Introduction to delivery of anaesthetic agents

Continuous flow anaesthesia

5.2 The anaesthetic machine

5.3 Boyles bottle

5.4 Copper kettle

5.5 Modern variable bypass vaporizers

5.6 Direct injection vaporizer

5.7 Aladin cassette

Draw over anaesthesia

5.8 Oxford miniature vaporizer

5.9 Triservice apparatus

Total intravenous anaesthesia

5.10 Target controlled infusions



6 Monitoring equipment

6.1 Introduction to monitoring equipment

Monitoring the machine

6.2 Pressure gauges

6.3 Flowmeters

6.4 The fuel cell

6.5 Capnograph waveforms

6.6 Infrared gas analysers

6.7 Paramagnetic oxygen analysers

6.8 Other methods of gas analysis

6.9 Oxygen failure alarm (Ritchie whistle)

Monitoring the patient

6.10 Pulse oximeters

6.11 Electrocardiographs

6.12 Non-invasive blood pressure measurement

6.13 Invasive blood pressure measurement

6.14 Temperature measurement

6.15 Pneumotachographs

6.16 Wright respirometer

6.17 Depth of anaesthesia and processed EEG monitoring

6.18 Coagulation testing: TEG and Rotem

6.19 Activated clotting time measurement

6.20 The Clark electrode

6.21 The pH electrode

6.22 The Severinghaus electrode

6.23 Jugular venous oximetry

6.24 Monitoring of neuromuscular blockade

6.25 Near-infrared spectroscopy and monitoring of cerebral oxygen saturations

Miscellaneous monitoring

6.26 Hygrometers



7 Filters and humidifiers

7.1 Introduction to filters and humidifiers

7.2 Passive humidification and HMEs

7.3 Active humidification

7.4 Filters



8 Regional anaesthesia

8.1 Introduction to regional anaesthesia

8.2 Nerve stimulators

8.3 Nerve stimulator needles

8.4 Spinal needles

8.5 Epidural needles

8.6 Epidural catheters

8.7 Loss of resistance syringe

8.8 Luer and non-Luer connectors

8.9 Sub-Tenons set



9 Critical care

Intravenous lines

9.1 Intravenous cannulae

9.2 Central venous catheters

9.3 Other vascular access devices

Monitoring

9.4 Incentive spirometry

9.5 Doppler cardiac output monitors

9.6 Pulmonary artery catheters

9.7 Other cardiac output monitors

9.8 Intra-abdominal pressure measurement

9.9 Intracranial pressure measurement

Extracorporeal circuits

9.10 Renal replacement therapy in critical care

9.11 Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

9.12 Cardiopulmonary bypass

Miscellaneous

9.13 Feeding tubes

9.14 Infusion pumps

9.15 Rigid neck collars

9.16 Rapid fluid infusers

9.17 Defibrillators

9.18 Intra-aortic balloon pumps

9.19 Ventricular assist devices



10 Surgical equipment relevant to anaesthetists

10.1 Diathermy

10.2 Chest drains

10.3 Lasers

10.4 Arterial tourniquet



11 Radiological equipment

11.1 Introduction to radiological equipment

11.2 X-rays

11.3 Ultrasound

11.4 MRI and compatible equipment



12 Miscellaneous

12.1 Electricity and electrical safety

12.2 Electrical symbols

12.3 Cardiac pacemakers

12.4 Implantable cardiovertor defibrillators

12.5 Decontamination of equipment

12.6 The Wheatstone bridge

12.7 Regulation and standardization of medical devices

12.8 Intraosseous needles

12.9 Cell salvage



Index