Psychopathology 5/e

William J. Ray is an Emeritus Professor of Psychology at Pennsylvania State University. He received his PhD from Vanderbilt University and was a Fellow in Medical Psychology at the University of California Medical Center in San Francisco. He received his undergraduate degree from Eckerd College, where he learned about the value of primary sources and the need to integrate information from a number of perspectives. As part of his clinical training, he has worked in a number of mental hospitals and clinics across the country, where he developed an appreciation of the experiences of those with mental disorders. In his career, he has served as a visiting professor and researcher at the University of Hawaii, Muenster University, University of Rome, Tuebingen University, and Konstanz University. At Penn State, he was the Director of the SCAN (Specialization in Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience) program and was previously the Director of the Clinical Psychology Program. His research has focused on approaching clinical questions from a neuroscience perspective. He has used psychophysiological and brain imaging techniques such as EEG, MEG, DTI, and fMRI to study emotionality, psychopathology, and individual differences. These studies can be found in his numerous articles, book chapters, and books. His work has been published in such journals as Science, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal of Neuroscience, Psychophysiology, Physiological Reviews, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Developmental Psychology, Journal of Abnormal Psychology, Cognitive Brain Research, Biological Psychology, NeuroImage, and Clinical Neurophysiology. This work has been funded by both national and international agencies including NIH, NIMH, NASA, NATO, and the DAAD. In addition to research, teaching has been an important part of his career. His textbooks include Abnormal Psychology, Methods Toward a Psychology of Behavior and Experience, Psychophysiological Methods (with Robert Stern & Karen Quigley), and Evolutionary Psychology: Neuroscience Perspectives Concerning Human Behavior and Experience.

Preface Additional Teaching Resources Acknowledgments About the Authors Chapter 1: An Overview of Psychopathology and Changing Conceptualizations of Mental Illness Understanding Psychopathology: Definitions and Key Considerations The Three Major Themes of This Book The Relation of Evolution and Culture to Psychopathology Historical Considerations in Understanding Psychopathology Discovering the Function of the Brain in Behavior and Psychopathology Historical Approaches to Care for Those With Mental Disorders Biological Approaches to Treating Mental Illness Psychological Treatment Perspectives in the 20th and 21st Centuries Summary Study Resources Key Terms Chapter 2: Neuroscience Approaches to Understanding Psychopathology The Growing Importance of Neuroscience, Genetics, and an Evolutionary Perspective Brain Anatomy, Neurons, and Neurotransmitters How Do We Observe the Brain at Work? Networks of the Brain Genetics and Psychopathology Evolution and Psychopathology Summary Study Resources Key Terms Chapter 3: Research Methods What Is Science? Nonexperimental Methods of Psychological Research The Experimental Method: Making It Happen Designing an Experimental Study Other Types of Experimental Designs and Research Considerations Ethics and the Scientific Experiment Summary Study Resources Key Terms Chapter 4: Assessment and Classification of Psychological Disorders Initial Assessment and the Mental Status Exam Structured Interviews and Assessment Considerations Models of Assessment Diagnostic Considerations in Psychopathology Classification Systems for Mental Disorders Summary Study Resources Key Terms Notes Chapter 5: Childhood and Adolescent-Onset Disorders Important Aspects of Typical Childhood Development Attachment Disorders, Conduct Disorder, and Oppositional Defiant Disorder Autism Spectrum Disorder Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Learning Disorders Intellectual Developmental Disorder Summary Study Resources Key Terms Chapter 6: Mood Disorders Introducing Mood Disorders Major Depressive Disorder Bipolar Disorder Suicide Summary Study Resources Key Terms Chapter 7: Stress, Trauma, and PTSD Psychological Stress and Psychopathology The Physiological Mechanisms Related to Stress and Trauma The Study of Stress Adjustment Disorders, Acute Stress Disorder, and Prolonged Grief Disorder Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Summary Study Resources Key Terms Chapter 8: Anxiety Disorders and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders Overview of Anxiety Disorders Major Types of Anxiety Disorders Phobias and Panic Disorder Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Summary Study Resources Key Terms Chapter 9: Dissociative Disorders and Somatic Symptom Disorders What Is Dissociation? Dissociative Disorders Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Summary Study Resources Key Terms Chapter 10: Eating Disorders Feeding Disorders Obesity Overview of Eating Disorders Anorexia Nervosa Bulimia Nervosa and Binge Eating Disorder Summary Study Resources Key Terms Chapter 11: Sexual Disorders, Paraphilic Disorders, and Gender Dysphoria Sexuality in Context Sexual Desire, Arousal, and Response Sexual Dysfunctions Paraphilic Disorders Gender Dysphoria Summary Study Resources Key Terms Chapter 12: Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Drug Use in the United States Disordered Substance Use, Dependence, and Addiction Alcohol and Alcohol Use Disorder Cannabis, Hallucinogens, and Opioids Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines, Caffeine, and Nicotine Gambling Treatment of Substance-Related Disorders Summary Study Resources Key Terms Chapter 13: Schizophrenia Schizophrenia Basics: Prevalence, Course, and Symptoms Historical and Evolutionary Perspectives on Schizophrenia Factors in the Development of Schizophrenia Causes and Effects: Neuroscience Findings About Schizophrenia Treating Individuals With Schizophrenia Summary Study Resources Key Terms Chapter 14: Personality Disorders Personality Disorders and Personality Odd, Eccentric Personality Disorders Dramatic Emotional Personality Disorders Anxious Fearful Personality Disorders Treatment of Personality Disorders Summary Study Resources Key Terms Chapter 15: Neurocognitive Disorders Normal Cognitive Changes Related to Aging Categories of Neurocognitive Disorders Neurocognitive Disorder Due to Alzheimer's Disease Other Causes of Neurocognitive Disorder Prevention, Treatment, and Support Summary Study Resources Key Terms Chapter 16: The Law and Mental Health Violence and Mental Illness: Myth vs. Reality The American Legal System and the Insanity Defense Legal Competence: Standing Trial and Making Decisions Ethical and Legal Issues in Mental Health Treatment Sexual Predator Laws Neuroscience and Evolutionary Perspectives on the Legal Aspects of Psychopathology Summary Study Resources Key Terms and Concepts